METALS AND ACIDS Electrons can spin. In a similar way, all nuclei can spin (except those with an even atomic number and an even mass number). These positively.

METALS AND ACIDS Electrons can spin. In a similar way, all nuclei can spin (except those with an even atomic number and an even mass number). These positively charged spheres behave like magnets. When placed into a strong magnetic field, each nucleus can either align with the external magnetic field or against it. The lower energy state occurs when the nucleus is spinning in alignment with the magnetic field, and the high energy state occurs when the nucleus is spinning out of alignment with the magnetic field Given sufficient energy, the nuclei can ‘flip’ between the two states. In an NMR spectrometer, the magnetic field strength can be varied. The magnetic field strength at which the nucleus flips can thus be measured. The strength of magnetic field at which a particular nucleus flips is dependant upon the environment of that nucleus.

Metals Magnesium Iron Sodium Calcium METALS AND ACIDS
Electrons can spin. In a similar way, all nuclei can spin (except those with an even atomic number and an even mass number). These positively charged spheres behave like magnets. When placed into a strong magnetic field, each nucleus can either align with the external magnetic field or against it. The lower energy state occurs when the nucleus is spinning in alignment with the magnetic field, and the high energy state occurs when the nucleus is spinning out of alignment with the magnetic field Given sufficient energy, the nuclei can ‘flip’ between the two states. In an NMR spectrometer, the magnetic field strength can be varied. The magnetic field strength at which the nucleus flips can thus be measured. The strength of magnetic field at which a particular nucleus flips is dependant upon the environment of that nucleus.

Metals Acids Magnesium Hydrochloric acid Iron Sulphuric acid Sodium
METALS AND ACIDS Metals Magnesium Iron Sodium Calcium Acids Hydrochloric acid Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Ethanoic acid Electrons can spin. In a similar way, all nuclei can spin (except those with an even atomic number and an even mass number). These positively charged spheres behave like magnets. When placed into a strong magnetic field, each nucleus can either align with the external magnetic field or against it. The lower energy state occurs when the nucleus is spinning in alignment with the magnetic field, and the high energy state occurs when the nucleus is spinning out of alignment with the magnetic field Given sufficient energy, the nuclei can ‘flip’ between the two states. In an NMR spectrometer, the magnetic field strength can be varied. The magnetic field strength at which the nucleus flips can thus be measured. The strength of magnetic field at which a particular nucleus flips is dependant upon the environment of that nucleus.

Metal + Acid  Salt + Hydrogen
METALS AND ACIDS Metals Magnesium Iron Sodium Calcium Acids Hydrochloric acid Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Ethanoic acid Electrons can spin. In a similar way, all nuclei can spin (except those with an even atomic number and an even mass number). These positively charged spheres behave like magnets. When placed into a strong magnetic field, each nucleus can either align with the external magnetic field or against it. The lower energy state occurs when the nucleus is spinning in alignment with the magnetic field, and the high energy state occurs when the nucleus is spinning out of alignment with the magnetic field Given sufficient energy, the nuclei can ‘flip’ between the two states. In an NMR spectrometer, the magnetic field strength can be varied. The magnetic field strength at which the nucleus flips can thus be measured. The strength of magnetic field at which a particular nucleus flips is dependant upon the environment of that nucleus. Metal + Acid  Salt + Hydrogen

FORMING SALTS METAL ACID SALT magnesium hydrochloric acid iron
iron nitrate ethanoic acid sodium ethanoate calcium calcium sulphate copper nitric acid sodium sodium chloride sulphuric acid We say that these show different chemical shifts - ie they flip at different field strengths. The observed chemical shift is measured against a standard - usually tetramethylsilane (TMS). The example above shows methanol. Methanol has three H nuclei which have an identical environment (labelled 1) and one hydrogen in a different environnment (labelled 2). Two peaks due to methanol can be observed. The smallest is due to the hydrogen labelled 1. The second is due to the three other hydrogens. It is three times the size of the first.

FORMING SALTS METAL ACID SALT magnesium hydrochloric acid
magnesium chloride iron iron nitrate ethanoic acid sodium ethanoate calcium calcium sulphate copper nitric acid sodium sodium chloride sulphuric acid We say that these show different chemical shifts - ie they flip at different field strengths. The observed chemical shift is measured against a standard - usually tetramethylsilane (TMS). The example above shows methanol. Methanol has three H nuclei which have an identical environment (labelled 1) and one hydrogen in a different environnment (labelled 2). Two peaks due to methanol can be observed. The smallest is due to the hydrogen labelled 1. The second is due to the three other hydrogens. It is three times the size of the first.

magnesium chloride iron nitric acid iron nitrate ethanoic acid sodium ethanoate calcium calcium sulphate copper sodium sodium chloride sulphuric acid We say that these show different chemical shifts - ie they flip at different field strengths. The observed chemical shift is measured against a standard - usually tetramethylsilane (TMS). The example above shows methanol. Methanol has three H nuclei which have an identical environment (labelled 1) and one hydrogen in a different environnment (labelled 2). Two peaks due to methanol can be observed. The smallest is due to the hydrogen labelled 1. The second is due to the three other hydrogens. It is three times the size of the first.

magnesium chloride iron nitric acid iron nitrate sodium ethanoic acid sodium ethanoate calcium calcium sulphate copper sodium chloride sulphuric acid We say that these show different chemical shifts - ie they flip at different field strengths. The observed chemical shift is measured against a standard - usually tetramethylsilane (TMS). The example above shows methanol. Methanol has three H nuclei which have an identical environment (labelled 1) and one hydrogen in a different environnment (labelled 2). Two peaks due to methanol can be observed. The smallest is due to the hydrogen labelled 1. The second is due to the three other hydrogens. It is three times the size of the first.

magnesium chloride iron nitric acid iron nitrate sodium ethanoic acid sodium ethanoate calcium sulphuric acid calcium sulphate copper sodium chloride We say that these show different chemical shifts - ie they flip at different field strengths. The observed chemical shift is measured against a standard - usually tetramethylsilane (TMS). The example above shows methanol. Methanol has three H nuclei which have an identical environment (labelled 1) and one hydrogen in a different environnment (labelled 2). Two peaks due to methanol can be observed. The smallest is due to the hydrogen labelled 1. The second is due to the three other hydrogens. It is three times the size of the first.

magnesium chloride iron nitric acid iron nitrate sodium ethanoic acid sodium ethanoate calcium sulphuric acid calcium sulphate copper No Reaction sodium chloride We say that these show different chemical shifts - ie they flip at different field strengths. The observed chemical shift is measured against a standard - usually tetramethylsilane (TMS). The example above shows methanol. Methanol has three H nuclei which have an identical environment (labelled 1) and one hydrogen in a different environnment (labelled 2). Two peaks due to methanol can be observed. The smallest is due to the hydrogen labelled 1. The second is due to the three other hydrogens. It is three times the size of the first.

magnesium chloride iron nitric acid iron nitrate sodium ethanoic acid sodium ethanoate calcium sulphuric acid calcium sulphate copper copper nitrate sodium chloride We say that these show different chemical shifts - ie they flip at different field strengths. The observed chemical shift is measured against a standard - usually tetramethylsilane (TMS). The example above shows methanol. Methanol has three H nuclei which have an identical environment (labelled 1) and one hydrogen in a different environnment (labelled 2). Two peaks due to methanol can be observed. The smallest is due to the hydrogen labelled 1. The second is due to the three other hydrogens. It is three times the size of the first.

magnesium chloride iron nitric acid iron nitrate sodium ethanoic acid sodium ethanoate calcium sulphuric acid calcium sulphate copper copper nitrate sodium chloride calcium ethanoate We say that these show different chemical shifts - ie they flip at different field strengths. The observed chemical shift is measured against a standard - usually tetramethylsilane (TMS). The example above shows methanol. Methanol has three H nuclei which have an identical environment (labelled 1) and one hydrogen in a different environnment (labelled 2). Two peaks due to methanol can be observed. The smallest is due to the hydrogen labelled 1. The second is due to the three other hydrogens. It is three times the size of the first.

magnesium chloride iron nitric acid iron nitrate sodium ethanoic acid sodium ethanoate calcium sulphuric acid calcium sulphate copper copper nitrate sodium chloride calcium ethanoate magnesium sulphate We say that these show different chemical shifts - ie they flip at different field strengths. The observed chemical shift is measured against a standard - usually tetramethylsilane (TMS). The example above shows methanol. Methanol has three H nuclei which have an identical environment (labelled 1) and one hydrogen in a different environnment (labelled 2). Two peaks due to methanol can be observed. The smallest is due to the hydrogen labelled 1. The second is due to the three other hydrogens. It is three times the size of the first.

DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
Metal soln Iron (III) nitrate Magnesium nitrate Copper (II) sulphate Zinc sulphate Lead (II) nitrate Iron Magnesium Copper Zinc Lead Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

Instructions Care! You should wear GOGGLES and LAB-COATS at all times during this practical Obtain a dropping tile Add a few drops of each of the solutions to individual ‘holes’ in the dropping tile. Make sure you know which solution is which Choose a metal Add one piece of that metal to each of the solutions Observe – you will need to watch carefully for any evidence of a reaction taking place If a reaction takes place, put a tick into the relevant box. If no reaction takes place, put a cross. If a reaction takes place, try and describe what is happening Wash all the reactions into a large beaker – do NOT put any solids into the sink! Repeat for each metal using fresh solutions Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

Metal ion soln Metal Iron (III) nitrate Magnesium nitrate Copper (II) sulphate Zinc sulphate Lead (II) nitrate Iron Magnesium Copper Zinc Lead Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

Metal ion soln Metal Iron (III) nitrate Magnesium nitrate Copper (II) sulphate Zinc sulphate Lead (II) nitrate Iron X  Magnesium Copper Zinc Lead Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

Summary More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their solutions Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

Summary More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their solutions e.g. magnesium + iron (II) nitrate  Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

Summary More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their solutions e.g. magnesium + iron (II) nitrate  magnesium nitrate + iron Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

Summary More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their solutions e.g. magnesium + iron (II) nitrate  magnesium nitrate + iron magnesium is more reactive than iron Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

Summary More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their solutions e.g. magnesium + iron (II) nitrate  magnesium nitrate + iron magnesium is more reactive than iron and lead + copper (II) sulphate  Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

Summary More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their solutions e.g. magnesium + iron (II) nitrate  magnesium nitrate + iron magnesium is more reactive than iron and lead + copper (II) sulphate  lead (II) sulphate + copper Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

Summary More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their solutions e.g. magnesium + iron (II) nitrate  magnesium nitrate + iron magnesium is more reactive than iron and lead + copper (II) sulphate  lead (II) sulphate + copper lead is more reactive than copper Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

Summary More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their solutions e.g. magnesium + iron (II) nitrate  magnesium nitrate + iron magnesium is more reactive than iron and lead + copper (II) sulphate  lead (II) sulphate + copper lead is more reactive than copper but copper + lead (II) sulphate  Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

Summary More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their solutions e.g. magnesium + iron (II) nitrate  magnesium nitrate + iron magnesium is more reactive than iron and lead + copper (II) sulphate  lead (II) sulphate + copper lead is more reactive than copper but copper + lead (II) sulphate  no reaction Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

Summary More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their solutions e.g. magnesium + iron (II) nitrate  magnesium nitrate + iron magnesium is more reactive than iron and lead + copper (II) sulphate  lead (II) sulphate + copper lead is more reactive than copper but copper + lead (II) sulphate  no reaction copper is not more reactive than lead Balance the following half-equations using either H+ or H2O (and, of course, e-) on either side of the equation.

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METALS AND ACIDS Electrons can spin. In a similar way, all nuclei can spin (except those with an even atomic number and an even mass number). These positively.

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METALS AND ACIDS Electrons can spin. In a similar way, all nuclei can spin (except those with an even atomic number and an even mass number). These positively.

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Presentation on theme: "METALS AND ACIDS Electrons can spin. In a similar way, all nuclei can spin (except those with an even atomic number and an even mass number). These positively."— Presentation transcript:

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