1. Tumors in ear

2. Glomus tumor
Tumor arises from specialized structures behind the eardrum
Glomus tympanicum – limited to the ear
Glomus jugulare – spread into the neck
Its consider as an benign and slow growing but can destroy vital functions of ear, paralyze the face
Surgical excision is curable surgery.

3. Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma)
Most common lesion affecting the inner ear
Benign tumor of the eight cranial nerve
Slow growing lesion that occur in any age
Unilateral
The tumor grows at the point where cranial nerve VIII enters the internal auditory canal and extend into the brainstem.
Common in women (30 to 60 years of age)

5. Pathophysiology
Acoustic neuromas arise from the neurilemmal sheath (sheath of schwann) along the vestibular branch of vestibulocochlear nerve
Spread to the cochlear branch
Grow and compress the facial nerve and arteries
Extend intracranially
Hearing and facial nerve function reduced

6. Signs and symptoms Tinnitus Vertigo
Progressive unilateral loss of ability to hear
Disorders of facial nerve – impaired movement and muscle weakness over face, drooping of lower eyelid
Taste sensation may also be impaired.

7. Management Surgical excision - neurosurgeon
CT scan is used to rule out the size of tumor
The size more than 2 cm can leads to impaired hearing and facial nerve damage.

8. cholesteatoma
An abnormal skin growth in the middle ear behind the eardrum is called cholesteatoma
It often develop as a cyst or pouch that shed layers of old skin, which build up inside the middle ear
It can increase in size and destroy the surrounding structures

9. Causes Due to poor Eustachian tube functioning
Infection in the middle ear
Or congenital

10. Pathophysiology
Altered functioning of Eustachian tube or Incase of Allergy, a cold , or sinusitis
Air in the middle ear is absorbed
Creates a partial vacuum in the ear
Vacuum pressure sucks in a pouch or sac by stretching the eardrum (especially weekend areas due to previous infections)
This can later develop into a cyst called cholesteatoma

11. Signs and symptoms Drainage of fluid with foul odor
As pouch or sac enlarges – feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear
Hearing loss
Otalgia
Dizziness or muscle weakness on one side of the face

12. Treatment Antibiotics Ear drops
A complicated cholesteatoma requires surgical treatment
Cholesteatoma should be surgically removed and a second surgery should be done to repair the damaged ear bones and tympanic membrane after 6 to 12 months later.
Mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty used to do to remove cholesteatoma.

13. Malignancy of auricle Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma – it’s a type of skin cancer in which melanocytes (pigment in skin) are affected.
Basal cell carcinoma
These cancers are very rare.
Caused mainly due to increased exposure to sunlight
Prevention can be done by wearing protective cloths and hats.