1. The Cell
Chapter 2, Lesson 2

2. What questions will we be answering in Lesson 2?
How are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells similar and how are they different?
What do the structures in a cell do?

3. Cell Shapes & Movement
Cells have many shapes and sizes

4. Cell Shapes & Movement
Cell shape is related to its function

5. Cell Membrane
A flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside a cell
Made of two different macromolecules
Phospholipids (a type of lipid)
Proteins

6. A CELL MEMBRANE IS SEMI-PERMEABLE
This means it will allow some things to pass through it but not others

7. Cell Wall A stiff structure outside the cell membrane
Found in plant cells, fungus cells, bacteria and protists
NOT found in animal cells
Protects cell from viruses and other harmful organisms
Helps maintain a plant’s shape

8. Cell Appendages Often used for movement Types:
Flagella (whip-like structure for movement)
Cilia (short, hair-like structures for movement)
(Euglena w/ flagellum)
(paramecium w/ cilia)

9. Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton
Fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules
Network of threadlike proteins that are joined together to form a framework inside cell
Gives cell shape and helps it move

10. Organelles in a Cell Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Fluid
Contains salts and other substances
Contains the cytoskeleton
Contained within the cytoplasm
Threadlike series of proteins
Gives cell its shape and helps it move

11. Organelles in a Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Found within the nucleus
Usually the largest organelle in the cell
The genetic information in the DNA is organized into chromosomes
Found within the nucleus
Makes ribosomes

12. Organelles in a Cell Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Produce proteins
Not surrounded by a membrane
Found in cytoplasm, attached to the Endoplasmic reticulum
A web-like organelle that spreads from the nucleus throughout most of the cytoplasm
Considered “Rough ER” if ribosomes are attached – produces protein
Considered “Smooth ER” if there are no ribosomes attached-produces lipids like cholesterol

13. Organelles in a Cell Mitochondria Chloroplasts
Each cell can contain hundreds of mitochondria (can be thousands in the heart cells)
Surrounded by two membranes
Chemical reactions take place within the mitochondria which produce energy
Only found in plant cells
Membrane bound organelles

14. Organelles in a Cell Golgi Apparatus Vesicles
Prepares proteins for their jobs
Packages the proteins into vesicles for transport
In animal cells, one type of vesicle is a lysosome. Lysosomes help to break down and recycle cellular waste

15. Organelles in a Cell Vacuoles
Storage tanks – store food, water and waste
Plant cells usually have one large vacuole; animal cells have several smaller vacuoles

16. Chapter 2, Lesson 2 Vocab
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Flagella
Cilia
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Golgi apparatus
Vesicles
Vacuole
Define these vocabulary words on index cards and begin studying them.
Vocabulary Quiz on Tuesday, Oct. 4