1. Phrases and Clauses (Grammar #3) & Peer Proofreading of Analytical Essay
You need TWO printouts of your second draft for class today! If you don’t have them, run to YBOR 303b and print!

2. Subjects and Verbs The VERB: tells the ACTION of the sentence OR
Phrases and Clauses (Grammar #3) & Peer Proofreading of Analytical Essay
Subjects and Verbs
The VERB:
tells the ACTION of the sentence OR
connects the subject to a word that renames or describes it (LINKING VERB).

3. Subjects and Verbs
The SUBJECT tells WHO OR WHAT is DOING THE ACTION of the sentence.

4. Clauses and Phrases
A CLAUSE is a group of words that contains a subject and its verb. the boy ran people talk it is if you go
A PHRASE is a group of words that does NOT contain a subject and its verb. the boy next door people with loud voices being hungry for a while

5. Types of Clauses
Some clauses can be complete sentences. These are called INDEPENDENT CLAUSES. the boy ran people talk it is you go
Some clauses have a subject and verb but cannot be complete sentences. These are called DEPENDENT CLAUSES. They have a dependent word (subordinating conjunction) before the subject and verb. while the boy ran because people talk since it is if you go

6. Types of Phrases
Phrases can be of many types, added in various places in sentences, and serve many purposes, but they CANNOT be sentences on their own.
A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun (the object of the preposition). at the store during the concert by myself in my dreams
A verbal phrase begins with a participle, gerund, or infinitive verb going crazy known by everyone studying the book to run like the wind
An absolute phrase has a noun and participle but no complete verb. the dog barking the woman driving the map found in the book
An appositive phrase simply renames a noun or a pronoun. the only man to pitch seven no-hitters Nice work! my sister’s boyfriend
An added detail phrase often starts with a word like especially, like, for example, particularly, or including like a maniac such as Star Wars particularly at a wedding

7. Clauses and Phrases The important things to remember:
A clause has a subject and complete verb that go together; a phrase doesn’t.
An “-ing” verb cannot be the only verb in a sentence. With no helping verb, it makes a phrase.
A phrase can never be a sentence by itself.
Clauses must be connected to other clauses in very specific ways (with specific conjunctions and punctuation) whereas phrases can be added more freely.

8. Phrases and Clauses (Grammar #3) & Peer Proofreading of Analytical Essay
GRAMMAR #5: CLAUSES AND PHRASES Complete the full exercise on MyHCC/Canvas (50 points).
A _________ can NEVER be a sentence all by itself. A. clause B. phrase
she was young A. clause B. phrase
reaching toward her through the sounds A. clause B. phrase
just as I believed A. clause B. phrase
Wright out to work all day A. clause B. phrase

9. PEER PROOFREADING OF ANALYTICAL ESSAY
Your essay must be proofread by at least two students from our class. Staple one form to each print­out, and mark it AND THE ESSAY. At the end of class, return the essays to their authors so that they can make changes before submitting the final version of the essay. Submit the marked-up drafts (with forms attached) on the day the final version is due.
Mark ALL grammar, spelling, capitaliza-tion, punctuation, and formatting errors on the essay and suggest ways to fix them.

10. A Few Helpful Hints for Proofreading:
Phrases and Clauses (Grammar #3) & Peer Proofreading of Analytical Essay
A Few Helpful Hints for Proofreading:
“Women” is plural; “woman” is singular.
“Their/they/them” is plural; “his or her/he or she/ him or her” is singular. Someone did not change their mind; someone changed his or her mind because “someone” is singular.
A person is a “who” or “whom,” not a “that.”
Avoid first or second person (I, me, my, we, us, our, you, your). Try “people,” “readers,” “a person,” or “someone.”
Avoid questions. Instead of asking them, answer them.
Every quotation must have quotes, a parentheti- cal citation and a work-cited page listing.
Be sure that the essay is proving a strong thesis, not just retelling or “translating” the plot.