1. GCSE LEVEL PE
Lesson 13 & 14
A healthy active lifestyle and your muscular system
Muscular System 1

2. Connector
Label the diagram and identify the different muscles of the body. 2

3. Key Words Deltoid Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Pectorals Abdominals
Biceps
Triceps
Gluteals
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
Movement
Antagonistic pairs
Ligaments
Tendons 3

4. Big Picture
You will use your prior knowledge, powerpoint and the text book to learn about the different classifications of muscles of the body that create movement.
You will be able to identify and describe how the muscles work together to create movement and give sporting examples. 4

5. Lesson Outcomes
All students will be able to correctly identify the different muscles of the body and describe the range of movements of the different muscles.
Most students will be able to describe the antagonistic muscular contractions using the upper arm as an example.
Some will be able to accurately identify the points of insertion and origin and apply the knowledge of antagonistic pairs to draw and describe the movement of the muscles in the upper leg. 5

6. CLASSIFICATIONS OF MUSCLE FIBRES
There are 3 classifications of muscle fibres that work throughout the body.
Voluntary muscle fibres
Involuntary muscle fibres
Cardiac muscle fibres
Complete the table and answer the following;
Can you identify different examples of these different types of muscle?
Describe how the different classifications of muscles work

7. VOLUNTARY MUSCLES
Voluntary muscles are our primary concern during physical activity.
Why is this?
Voluntary muscles create the movements needed during physical activity.

8. RANGES OF MOVEMENT AT JOINTS
What joins a muscle to a bone?
How does this create movement?
The different movements created have different names.
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Read through page 156 and complete the table on your worksheet.

9. TASK
Use the text book.
Identify the different movements of muscle p Complete the box regarding muscles and movements. 9

10. MINI REVIEW MUSCLES AND MOVEMENTS
Teacher points at a muscle.
Students identify one of the following with their partner;
Name and movements created by the muscle.
An example of using that muscle in sport.

11. HOW DO MUSCLES PRODUCE MOVEMENT?
Muscles are made of thousands of fibres that can contract (shorten).
As muscles contract then relax they move the bones and limbs at the joints
Muscles are in groups to let us make opposing movements
When one muscle contracts the muscle that controls the opposite action will need to relax
^*#{}#*^
SHOW tom, tom.acs, 75, 68
PLAY Wave
SAY Hello. ^PAUSE=400^ Lets study how muscles work in ^EMPHASIS^more detail. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY LookRight
SAY What is going on inside the muscle? ^PAUSE=300^ Lets start with the muscle and look ^EMPHASIS^closer ^PAUSE=300^ and ^EMPHASIS^closer ^PAUSE=300^ at how it is made and works. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY GestureUp
SAY The first thing we find is the muscle is made of fibres. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY Each muscle fibre is made from ^EMPHASIS^even smaller threads ^PAUSE=300^ called {my oh fibrils=myofibrils.} ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Surprised
SAY But we can look closer still! ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY The {my oh fibrils=myofibrils} ^EMPHASIS^themselves ^PAUSE=300^ are made from ^EMPHASIS^microscopic rows of molecules. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Announce2
SAY There are two types of rows of molecules, ^PAUSE=300^ Myosin ^PAUSE=300^ and Actin. ^PAUSE=300^ These are woven together. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain3
SAY OK! So its intricate ^PAUSE=500^ but what makes it work? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY Well, ^PAUSE=300^ attached to these at the motor end plate ^PAUSE=300^ are nerves ^PAUSE=300^ and these are connected to the central nervous system. ^PAUSE=600^
PLAY Decline
SAY Your brain can switch the muscle fibres ^EMPHASIS^on ^PAUSE=300^ or ^EMPHASIS^off ^PAUSE=300^ to contract the muscle fibre. ^PAUSE=600^ If your brain wants a big ^EMPHASIS^powerful contraction ^PAUSE=300^ it switches them ^EMPHASIS^all on ^PAUSE=300^ or for a ^EMPHASIS^smaller movement it switches on just ^EMPHASIS^some of the fibres. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Think
END
Why is it important for a sportsperson to understand this? 11

12. EXAMPLE OF HOW YOUR MUSCLES WORK
In the upper arm the large muscles are the biceps and triceps
They are opposite each other
They are attached to the bones by tendons
When the biceps contract they will pull on the radius and lift the lower arm
The bone in the upper arm is the humerus
The arm is lowered by the triceps contracting and pulling on the Ulna. 12

13. MOVING THE MUSCLES OF YOUR ARM
The bicep contracts (This is called the agonist it is the main muscle that moves or prime mover)
The triceps must relax (this is the antagonist or opposing muscle that must relax)
The radius moves up
^*#{}#*^
SHOW peedy, peedy.acs, 73, 68
PLAY Wave
SAY Hello there! ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY People ask me why I am ^EMPHASIS^so laid back, ^PAUSE=300^ so relaxed. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Decline
SAY Well I am just saving energy. ^PAUSE=300^
PLAY GestureUp
SAY If I was tensing all my muscles all the time every action would be ^EMPHASIS^such ^EMPHASIS^hard ^EMPHASIS^work. ^PAUSE=2300^
SAY If you make that movement with ^EMPHASIS^both {by ceps=biceps} ^PAUSE=300^ and {try ceps=triceps} tense ^PAUSE=300^ it is hard work. ^PAUSE=400^ The ^EMPHASIS^opposing muscles ^PAUSE=300^ are working ^EMPHASIS^against each other. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY Its like arm wrestling with yourself! ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY Now what advice would you give to a sprinter? ^PAUSE=300^ Keep focused, ^PAUSE=300^ keep relaxed, apply the power. ^PAUSE=300^^EMPHASIS^{Dont=Don’t} ^PAUSE=200^ ^EMPHASIS^get ^PAUSE=200^ ^EMPHASIS^tense! ^PAUSE=300^
PLAY Think
END
Try to make this movement yourself without relaxing the triceps. What is happening?. 13

14. TASK
Use your knowledge to explain how movement is created in the upper leg.
Extension work
Complete the supplementary worksheet describing muscle actions for sporting movements.
Students to make up their own questions to test the knowledge and understanding of their peers on the content involved in lesson 13. 14

15. MINI REVIEW HOW MUSCLES CREATE MOVEMENT
Pupils to describe to their how antagonistic pairs of muscles work using the following words.
Agonist
Antagonist
Tendon
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Bicep / quadricep
Tricep / hamstring