1. A healthy, active lifestyle and your muscular system
Year 11 GCSE PE
A healthy, active lifestyle and your muscular system

2. Label the diagram provided with the muscles learnt last lesson.
Starter
Label the diagram provided with the muscles learnt last lesson. 2

3. Learning Objectives
C - I can explain the difference between isometric and isotonic muscle contractions?
B- I can describe and apply different movements at joints
A/A* I can apply muscles and movement and explain it in a sporting situation? 3

4. Movements at joints…
Flexion - The bending of a joint so that the bones forming the joint are brought closer together.
Extension - The straightening of a joint so that the bones forming the joint are moved farther apart 4

5. Movements at joints…
Abduction - to move away from the midline plane of the body
Adduction – to bring back towards the midline plane of the body 5

6. Muscle action table MUSCLE MUSCLE ACTION SPORTING ACTION Triceps
Extends lower arm at the elbow
Volleyball player has arms outstretched to block the ball
Biceps
Flexes arm at the elbow
Tennis serve – racket preparation, when racket is behind head
Deltoids
Abducts upper arm at the shoulder
Preparation for a cartwheel in gymnastics
Pectorals
Adduction of upper arm at the shoulder
Arm action in front crawl (pull)
Trapezius
Adducts and rotates the scapula, rotation of head at atlas and axis
Lifting of the head to watch the flight of the shuttle in badminton. Back crawl swimming action 6

7. Gluteals
Extends the leg at the hip
Running action, one leg is left stretched back behind the other
Quadriceps
Extends the leg at the knee
Follow through after kicking a ball in football
Hamstring
Flexes the leg at the knee
Tacking the leg back in preparation to strike a ball in a drop goal attempt in rugby
gastrocnemius
Plantar flexion of the foot (pointing your toes)
Going up onto toes prior to take off in a diving competition
Latissimus dorsi
Adducts and rotates the humerus at the shoulder (draws the arm back and towards the body)
Pulling the arm back in archery
Abdominals
Flex, rotate and laterally bend trunk
Forward action in
sit-ups

8. Task
In your pairs, discuss the sporting example provided on the picture
- What joint is the movement occurring at?
- What movement has occurred at the joint?
- Which muscle is contracting?
- Which muscle is relaxing? 8

9. Types of Muscle Contractions
There are two types of muscle contractions you need to know about:
1). Isometric contractions
2). Isotonic Contractions (of which there are two types) 9

10. Muscle Contraction (Isometric)
Muscles contract in 3 ways
When muscles are working but stay the same length this is called isometric contraction. There is no movement
The arms can now work effectively to complete the exercise

11. Muscle Contraction (Isotonic)
In Isotonic contractions our muscles create movement as they contract
There are two types of Isotonic contraction
When a muscle shortens as it contracts this is called a concentric contraction
An example of this would be the bicep when lifting the weight while doing a ‘curl’
When a muscle lengthens while still being tense this is called an eccentric contraction
This happens as you lower the weight under control while doing a curl

12. Homework
Complete the exam questions.
Due in Thursday 8th May. 12

13. Plenary
One partner to perform a movement with a body part – the other partner to identify the muscle contracting 13