1. Chapter 14
World War II

2. 14.1 Axis Aggression Germany Expands
Treaty of Versailles left Germany economically destroyed.
Hitler promised to restore Germany
Goal: gain more territory for Germany
European leaders tired of war did little to stop Hitler
1938 Hitler annexed (took) Austria, a Germany speaking country, with many Nazi supporters
Hitler then took Czechoslovakia
France and Britain did nothing, followed policy of appeasement, did not want war
Giving into aggressive demands in order to maintain peace

4. Alliances and Civil War
Axis Powers (bad guys)-Germany, Japan and Italy.
fight communism and to oppose the Soviet Union.
helped fascist leader, Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. Franco won!
In 1939 Stalin made, Soviet-German nonaggression pact
did not think France and Britain would protect him
France and Britain now concerned began to discuss alliance with Soviet Union.

6. The War Begins Poland surrenders Sept. 27, 1939
Sept. 1, 1939 WWII began when Germany attacked Poland.
Germany used planes and fast-moving troops in a tactics called blitzkrieg “lightning war”
Allies (good guys)-Britain & France declare war on Germany
Poland surrenders Sept. 27, 1939
April 1940-Denmark, Norway, Belgium Netherlands & Luxemburg
Allies no match!
France surrenders June 22, 1940

9. “Bad Guys” Axis Powers

11. Battle of Britain
August-October of 1940 German planes bombed Great Britain.
Prime Minister of Britain, Winston Churchill would not surrender.
New technology-radar-help locate planes.
Sonar-detects objects underwater using sound waves
Battle of Britain was a failure for Hitler, who called off invasion.
June 1941, Hitler breaks nonaggression pact with Soviet Union.
Hitler did not reach capital city, he was outnumbered by the Soviet’s Red Army & cold winter

13. The Battle of Britain

14. Japan Attacks
In 1941, General Tojo invaded the French colony of Indochina.
In response, American leaders banned the sale of oil to Japan.
Relations between two nations fell
Dec. 7, 1941 Japanese planed attacked US Navy base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Killing 2,400 people and destroying 200 aircrafts and all eight battleships in harbor.
Dec. 8th United States Congress declared war on Japan and joined the Allies.

17. Pearl Harbor Memorial USS Arizona

19. The US Homefront
US Home front-many men and women worked in factories producing goods and weapons for the war.
By 1943, the Allies had more ships and planes with more firepower.
They were also able to break German codes to locate German U-boats.
Allies kept supply lines open on the Atlantic Ocean.

22. Rationing
US and British citizens rationed items to help the war effort.
Many items could be used on the front lines in the war.
Citizens received ration stamps, which could be used to buy rationed products like meats, butter, and canned vegetables.
Many people planted “victory garden” to help grow extra food.

25. Recycling People recycled metal, rubber, newspapers, even kitchen fat.
Metal cans could be turned into ammunition or guns, while kitchen fat was used to make glycerin, and ingredient in explosives and medicines.
By rationing and recycling citizens continued to support the war effort back home.

28. Japanese Internment Camps
After Pearl Harbor US govt afraid of Japanese Americans
Japanese Americans were investigated for signs of spying or other illegal activity.
Executive order 9066 issued by FDR gave the armed forces the power to establish military zones.
The clear goal was to rid the US of people from Japanese heritage

29. The Round-Up
Within weeks solider rounded up Japanese Americans in CA, WA, OR, and AZ.
110,000 people
Many were born here and had lived here for decades.
Forced to sell their homes, items could only take what they could carry.
No trials or hearings were held.
Camps in Britain and Canada

32. 14.2 War in North Africa and Italy
Hitler sent troops to help the Italians.
German general Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox) pushed the British out of Libya.
Battle of El Alamein-British troops weakened Axis powers
US troops went to French colonies in North Africa, fought against Rommel
General Dwight D Eisenhower claimed victory for Allies and defeated Rommel.
Allies then captured Sicily, Italy and forced dictator Mussolini from power.

33. Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox)
Axis Powers
Dwight D Eisenhower
Allies

34. Battle of El Alamein

36. A turning point in the Soviet Union
Siege of Leningrad (1941) Hitler’s blockade of Leningrad
Weaken city by preventing supplies from entering.
1 million civilians died, 4,000 starved to death everyday.
Battle of Stalingrad (1942) most brutal
1 million Russian soldiers died defending the city.
Soviet Union won

38. Fighting in the Pacific Ocean
Japanese forces pushed out American troops lead by Douglas MacArthur in the Philippines (1942)
Bataan Death March-Japanese forced 70,000 prisoners to march to a distant prison camp.
Thousands Americans and Filipino prisoners died.
Japanese gained Hong Kong, Singapore, Burma, and many Pacific islands.
This did not last for long!

39. Baatan Death March

40. Island Battles Americans broke secret Japanese codes.
Battle of Midway and Battle of Guadalcanal- Allies won because of secret de-coding.
“island hopping” Allies went from island to island to defeat Japan
Japanese created kamikaze pilots that crashed planes loaded with explosives into the ships.

41. Battle of Midway

42. Battle of Guadalcanal

44. Kamikaze pilots
“It is absolutely out of the question for you to return alive.
Your mission involves certain death…
The death of a single one of you will be the birth of a million others.
Neglect nothing that may affect your training or your health…
And, lastly, do not be in too much of a hurry to die. If you cannot find
your target, turn back, next time you may find a more favorable
Opportunity . Chose a death which brings about a maximum result.”

46. 14.3 The Holocaust Hitler blamed the Jews for the economic troubles
Jews weren’t allowed to hold jobs, own property and their citizenship taken away.
Many were deported
Hard to leave-
stripped of money, US not accepting limited # of immigrants entering.
By 1941, many Jews were trapped because leaving Germany was outlawed.

47. Escape Route of the Jews

48. The “Final Solution” Jews forced to live in ghettos
small, confined areas in the city, walls with barbed wire fences, armed guards.
Hitler’s final solution-mass killing of all Europe’s Jews.
Concentration camps-or labor camps meant to hold what Hitler called “enemies of the state”
slave labor, starvation, torture and cruel medical experiments.

49. Bodies of victims of the Holocaust

50. The “Final Solution” (2)
Nazis decided the killing wasn’t quick enough
Six million Jews or 2/3 of Europe’s Jewish population
Five million others were also killed for being what the Nazis said “inferior”
People w/disabilities, homosexuals, gypsies and Slavic and Polish descent.
Aryan Race-blond hair, blue eyes
Hitler?

51. David Bergman- Jewish teenager during the Holocaust

52. Ride to Dachau

54. Dachau Concentration Camp

56. The World Reacts Allies unaware of the Holocaust during WWII.
The US & Britain investigated mass murders in 1942.
In 1944, US helped to rescue 200,000 European Jews by creating the War Refugee Board.
Once the Allied forces pushed Germany back, they found the concentration camps.
Auschwitz and Buchenwald camps worse.

57. 14.4 The End of the War War Ends in Europe
Soviet troops pushed Axis forces into central Europe.
Axis forces lost over 2 million troops, unable to stop Soviets
Allies prepared for a Western Europe invasion
American generals Marshall and Eisenhower led the charge.

58. D-Day “operation overlord”
June 6, 1944
150,000 Allied forces landed near Normandy, France
High lost of life, coming off boats
Over 1 million Allied soldiers arrived by July.

59. D-Day Invasion

61. Hitler’s end
Allies crushed a German counter attack in Belgium known as the Battle of the Bulge.
Axis powers created a bulge in Allies lines.
Allies raced to Berlin
Hitler and Wife committed suicide
Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945
May 8, 1945 V-E Day (6 long years of fighting ended)

63. War ends in the Pacific Battle of Iwo Jima and Battle of Okinawa
Both battles secured islands located for the Allies to bomb Japan.
Iwo Jima
Month long fight, 7,000 Americans & 19,000 Japanese died
Okinawa
Japanese fought to the death (100,000 died)
12,000 Americans died

64. Iwo Jima

65. Battle of Okinawa

67. Atomic Bomb Harry Truman American President used bomb against Japan
Hiroshima- Aug 6, ,000 people killed instantly
Aug Nagasaki- 40,000 killed
Japanese emperor Hirohito surrendered to the Allies on August 15th (V-J Day)
Many Allied generals were against the bomb
WWII OVER!!

68. Hiroshima

69. Nagasaki

71. WWII Casualties

72. The Postwar World Early 1945 Yalta Conference- July 1945
Soviet Union
Allied nations met to plan postwar Europe
War wasn’t over yet
FDR persuaded Stalin to join the fight against Japan
July 1945
Potsdam Conference
Germany
tension between Soviet Union and the other Allies
United Nations formed
America and Britain fearful of Soviet Union’s communism
Fear communism would spread throughout Eastern Europe
COLD WAR BEGINS!!!

73. Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference Winston Churchill, FDR, Stalin
Winston Churchill, Harry Truman
Stalin

75. WWII Leaders Matching Game
WWII Password Game