1. MODERNISATION OF CADASTRAL SURVEYSBy
Brig Girish Kumar
Project Director
Delhi State Spatial Data Infrastructure(DSSDI)

2. Maintained by the Government
What is Cadastre?
It is a Legal Document
Maintained by the Government
Updated periodically during Land Fragmentations or Land Transactions
Which has Survey Number to each and every Parcel and its co-relation with Land Owner
Important Stages in Survey & SettlementOperations
Preparation of Map- Maps are surveyed with old / crude techniques
Preparation of Record of Right (ROR)
Assessment of Land Revenue
Adjudication
Demarcation
Registration 2

3. AN APPROACH FOR MODERNISATION OF CADASTRAL SURVEYS
A Solution for the Challenges of
the 21st Century
AN APPROACH FOR MODERNISATION OF CADASTRAL SURVEYS 4 1

4. Methodology proposed for Cadastral Map Survey/ Resurvey
Integration of Modern Technologies to supplement Photogrammetric Database
For open areas- Hybrid method using
Digital Photogrammetry- Ortho Photo
Global Positioning System integrated with Tablet PCs
Total Stations
For Wooded areas or where Aerial Photography is not available
Desired Accuracies
Rural areas- 20 cms
Urban areas- 10 cms
Scale of Photography – 1:4,000 to 1:10,000

5. Photogrammetry?
Photogrammetry is defined as the art, science, technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects through processes of recording, measuring and interpreting photographic images
It is techniques of producing 3-dimensional coordinates from two-dimensional photographs.
An Orthophoto is a photograph without any distortions.
It shows images of objects in their true plannimetric positions.
Scale in orthophoto is constant.

6. DATA PRESENTATION- ISOMETRIC VIEW(PART)

7. DATA PRESENTATION- PART 3D VIEW

8. ADVANTAGES OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AS BASIC DATA SOURCE
1. It is a fast, accurate and repeatable method.
2. The correctness of digital data can be verified at any time in future by referring to the aerial photos..
3. It is a reliable source of height data.
4. stereo digital data can be used for many other applications such as:
Preparation of large scale maps for irrigation and other infrastructure development projects.
preparation of maps for flood prone areas, soil conservation etc.
planning and collection of data required by administrators and planners in various other disciplines. 9

9. A Datum is a mathematical model of the Earth which approximates the shape of the Earth, and enables calculations such as position and area in a consistent and accurate manner. N N
Geoid
INDIA
Geoid CG
Everest
WGS 84 –
Geocentric
Ellipsoid
Relationships between the earth's surface, the geoid and a reference ellipsoid

10. Principles of Suryeying
Working from whole to part:-
To prevent accumulation of errors and to localise minor errors within the frame work of the control points.
Consistency of accuracy:-
Uniform accuracy through out the whole suryey.
Economy of accuracy:-
Technology used minimum cost and higher accuracy.
Independent check:-
There should be independent check for linear and angular measurement.

11. Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
Digital representation of the earth surface in the form of x, y, z coordinates.
It can be represented as
Rectangular Grids
Triangular Networks
Irregular Spot heights and Breaklines

12. DELHI STATE SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (DSSDI) A COLLABORATIVE PROJECT (3D GIS ) between
SURVEY of INDIA
GNCTD

13. SYSTEMS HIGH-LEVEL MANAGEMENT INTEGRATION Project Description
Component ‘A’:
PREPARATION
GPS CONTROL, AT / DEM / ORTHO
DSSDI
PROJECT
SYSTEMS
HIGH-LEVEL
Component ‘B’ :
SYSTEM DESIGN & INTEGRATION
DATABASE SCHEMA,
10 MON CENTRES
2 CONTROL CENTRES,
DSSDI GEOPORTAL
TRAINING
Component ‘D’ :
3D TOPOLOGY TEXTURING,
3D VISUALISATION,
GIS APPLICATIONS
MANAGEMENT
INTEGRATION
Component ‘C’ :
3D MAPPING, PROPERTY
SURVEY, UTILITY SURVEY, LIS
SPV
(GeoSpatial Delhi Ltd)

14. Comprehensive Land Information System

15. PROPERTY CADASTRE FROM RECORDS
PARCEL/ PLOT BOUNDARIES FROM DSSDI SURVEY
Rural cadastre: Sajra/ village revenue maps from revenue deptt
Urban cadastre: Collect layout map of colonies/township from DDA, MCD and other sources
3D Feature Extraction of Parcel / Plot Boundary and building outline layers by Digital Photogrammetry
Digital
Analog
Digital
Analog
Scan, vectorize
Geo-reference by ortho-rectified photo and GPS
Edge-Match and Mosaic Sajra to aggregate to subdivisions /District
Edge-Match and Mosaic Layout map (at plot level) of DDA colonies to aggregate to subdivision, District & NCT level
Link Parcel Nos. and Khatauni information to Survey Nos.
Link property ownership data from urban local Bodies.
Plot level urban cadastre from GNCTD records.
Parcel level rural cadastre from GNCTD records.
Integrated Rural and urban cadastre from GNCTD records A

16. Conflict resolution by GNCTDA
Overlay property cadastre from GNCTD records with parcel / plot boundaries on 3D feature extraction to establish correlation for
-Transfer / linkage of unique Parcel-Numbers and Ownership Data
Preliminary flagging for major spatial mismatch tion
Proof-Plot with Unique Parcel Number and linked ownership records for Field Verification
Field verification of parcel / plot boundaries.
Picking up missing and erroneous parcel / plot boundaries, buildings by Total Station or other ground surveying methods
Checking and Collection of ownership and attributes in Field on devised proforma
Final Flagging of Property GIS Data for Major spatial mismatch and Attribute mismatch with Records
Conflict resolution by GNCTD
CREATION OF LIS

17. 1:4,000 Scale

18. Digitized Parcels

19. with Topographical Features
Sq km
Sq km

20. Area of the Numbered Parcels (approx.)
Dimensions of the Parcels
Area Marked in the Inset
40 m
100 m 1 2
121 m
54 m
Area of the Numbered Parcels (approx.)
0.657 Hectares
0.402 Hectares
0.391 Hectares
0.736 Hectares
94 m
43 m 3
52 m
78 m
48 m
172 m 4
148 m
50 m

21. Suggestions
Fast & Cost effective Survey Techniques for Generation of Records
Reduction in time - field survey and settlement operations.
Improved accuracy.
Standardization
Large scale mapping in congested/ urban areas..
Automation in generation of graphic outputs required in the intermediate stages of operations
Parcel based LIS to facilitate planning and implementation of projects at the village level
Effective Mechanism of maintenance of Records.
Accessibility
Sustainability
Fast & Accurate method for settlements
Replacing resettlement operations with a method of continuous updation of database.
Capacity Building ie Development of Technical Man Power
Mechanism for preventing Encroachment of Government Land.
Restoring public confidence in the age old revenue systems. 23

22. Technical Specifications
Selection of Technology and Methodology
Selection of vendors
Quality and Accuracy Checks
Development of comprehensive LIS

23. THANKS