1. Exceptional Student Education (ESE) Special Education (SPED)
Early Childhood Education

2. We are all different!

3. What is a disability? An individual with a disability is a person who:
Has a physical, mental, and/or emotional impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities;
Has a record of such an impairment; or
Is regarded as having such an impairment.

4. Different Exceptionalities
Cognitive Exceptionalities
Attention Deficit Disorder
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Learning Disability
Autism
Intellectual Disability (IND)
Giftedness
Emotional Exceptionalities
Emotionally and Behaviorally Disturbed (EBD)
Emotionally Handicapped
Physical Exceptionalities
Visual Impairments/Blindness
Hearing Impairments/Deafness
Spina Bifida
Muscular Dystrophy
Speech/Language Disabilities
Cerebral Palsy
Physical & Cognitive Exceptionalities
Down Syndrome

5. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)
ADD is distinguished by a basic inattentive pattern.
These children do not have the ability to focus for long periods of time and are easily distracted.

6. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ADHD is generally a more complex and serious attention disorder that involves the hyperactivity component.
The three core behaviors are
inattention
impulsivity
hyperactivity.

7. Learning Disability (LD)
A learning disability is a neurological condition that interferes with a person’s ability to store, process, or produce information.
Learning disabilities can affect one’s ability to
read -spell -compute math
write -reason -pay attention
speak -memorize -build social skills

8. Autism (ASD) Autism Spectrum Disorder
is a developmental disability characterized by difficulties and abnormalities in several areas:
communication skills
social relationships
cognitive functioning
sensory processing
behavior

9. IQ Ranges of Students with Autism
10-15%- Average or above average intelligence
25-35%- borderline to mild mentally handicapped
Remainder-moderately to profoundly intellectually disabled

10. Intellectual Disability
Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.

11. Limitations in adaptive behavior are comprised of three skill types:
Conceptual skills—language and literacy; money, time, and number concepts; and self-direction.
Social skills—interpersonal skills, social responsibility, self-esteem, gullibility, naïveté (i.e., wariness), social problem solving, and the ability to follow rules/obey laws and to avoid being victimized.
Practical skills—activities of daily living (personal care), occupational skills, healthcare, travel/transportation, schedules/routines, safety, use of money, use of the telephone.

12. Gifted Students
Intellectual giftedness is an intellectual ability significantly higher than average

13. IQ and Identification Bright: 115+ Moderately gifted: 130+
Highly gifted: 145+
Exceptionally gifted: 160+
Profoundly gifted: 175+

14. Emotionally and Behaviorally Disturbed (EBD)
A severe emotional disturbance is defined as an emotional handicap, the severity of which results in the need for a program for the full school week and extensive support services. These students lack emotional control which ultimately effects their behavior.

15. Emotionally Handicapped (EH)
An emotional handicap is a condition which results in improper behavior that interferes with the individual's ability to learn and function under normal circumstances.  
Who are they? 
average or above average intelligence
emotional instability
disrupts learning process
difficulty identifying and expressing appropriate feelings and behaviors

16. Visual Impairments/Blindness
Visual impairments are defined as disorders in the structure and function of the eye that, even with best correction and treatment, interfere with learning. 
Students who are partially sighted or blind have to rely primarily on touch and hearing for learning but they can lead relatively normal lives. 

17. Hearing Impairments/Deafness
A hearing impairment is a hearing loss of thirty (30) decibels or greater
Hard-of-hearing individuals are those whose residual hearing is adequate for learning speech, language, and academic skills through normal channels, provided that classroom and instructional modifications are made. 
Deaf individuals are those whose hearing impairment is so severe that they cannot learn speech and language through normal channels and who need extensive instruction in order to develop language, communication and academic skills. 

18. Cochlear Implant

19. Spina Bifida
Spina Bifida is a neural tube defect that happens in the first month of pregnancy when the spinal column doesn’t close completely.
Can be prevented by taking prenatal vitamins (folic acid).

20. Treating Spina Bifida through the embryo

21. Spina Bifida

22. Muscular Dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a genetic disorder that gradually weakens the body's muscles.
A child who is diagnosed with MD gradually loses the ability to do things like walk, sit upright, breathe easily, and move the arms and hands.

23. What’s the difference between speech and language?
Speech is the sound that comes out of our mouths. 
Language has to do with meanings, rather than sounds.

24. Speech and/or Language Delay
Although problems in speech and language differ, they frequently overlap. A child with a language problem may be able to pronounce words well but be unable to put more than two words together.

26. Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder that affects muscle tone, movement, and motor skills (the ability to move in a coordinated and purposeful way).
Cerebral Palsy effects the brain which does not allow the muscles and nerves to move as they should. The problem does not lie in the muscles and nerves themselves.

27. The three types of CP are:
spastic cerebral palsy — causes stiffness and movement difficulties
athetoid cerebral palsy — leads to involuntary and uncontrolled movements
ataxic cerebral palsy — causes a disturbed sense of balance and depth perception

29. Down Syndrome
Down syndrome (DS) is a condition in which extra genetic material causes delays in the way a child develops, and often leads to an intellectual disability (IND).

30. Chromosome 21: 3 instead of 2 Referred to as Trisomy 21