1. Factors Affecting population Change
Chapter 7

2. Four factors affect population change:
The number of people who are born
The number of people who die
The number of people who move into a country
immigrants
The number of people who leave a country
emigrants

3. Migration
For many MDCs, immigration can be a significant factor in population growth
Push factors> cause people to leave an area or country
Lack of jobs, housing, no democracy, etc
Pull factors> draw people to an area
Good schools, social programs, clean environment

4. Migration-continued Brain drain Refugees Emigration of educated people
People who emigrate from push factors such as war, famine, discrimination, floods, etc

5. Factors influencing birth rates
Number of women in total population
Range of ages for the female population
Culture and religion
Medical conditions and general level of health care
Economic status and level of education of women
Economic status of families
Government population policies

6. Factors influencing death rates
Availability and cost of medical services
Education
Availability of food and clean water
Level of economic development
War
Environmental disasters
Country’s fertility rate

7. Total Fertility Rate and Replacement Levels
TFR
Average number of children a woman would have in her lifetime if the annual fertility rates remained constant (i.e. other things did not affect the fertility rate)
Replacement level
The fertility rate needed for a country to maintain its population if no migration took place
2.1 children in MDCs and 2.5 in LDCs

8. Questions
Complete questions 14 and 15 on page 173 of your text