1. National Wildlife Refuge
VISTAS
Monitoring
RPO National Technical Meeting
June 8, 2005
Denver, Colorado
Cape Romain
National Wildlife Refuge

2. VISTAS Focus Sites Great Smoky Mtns. Raleigh Atlanta Cape Romain
VISTAS determined in 2002 that the region needed to develop speciated PM2.5 data with high temporal resolution (hourly or less) for purposes of model performance evaluation. Sites selected based on availability of funding and availability of suite of companion meteorological and air quality data.
Four Focus sites were identified, three are being funded currently. These are Look Rock in Great Smoky Mtns National Park, Cape Romain Wilderness Area, and Millbrook outside Raleigh, NC.
CLASS 1
URBAN

3. VISTAS Focus Sites Great Smoky Mtns. Raleigh Atlanta Cape Romain
VISTAS determined in 2002 that needed to develop speciated PM2.5 data with high temporal resolution (hourly or less) for purposes of model performance evaluation. Sites selected based on availability of funding and availability of suite of companion meteorological and air quality data.
Four Focus sites were identified, three are being funded currently. These are Look Rock in Great Smoky Mtns National Park, Cape Romain Wilderness Area, and Millbrook outside Raleigh, NC.
CLASS 1
URBAN
SEARCH

4. Focus Site Data Objectives: Responsibility: States, Contractors
Create as complete a record as possible of local conditions, gas, fine particulate mass and component concentrations at source and receptor sites.
Make the data available for use in model evaluation.
Evaluate the continuous methods used for comparability with existing networks.
Responsibility: States, Contractors
Deliverables:
Verified data in AQS
Normalized data on VISTAS site

5. Cape Romain - Cape Romain NWR, SC
Focus Sites
Cape Romain - Cape Romain NWR, SC
6-10 ft - 3 M
Cape Romain- May 2004

6. Look Rock - Great Smoky Mountains NP, TN
Focus Sites
Look Rock - Great Smoky Mountains NP, TN
~ 2670 ft M
Look Rock - GRSM

7. Focus Sites Millbrook – Raleigh, NC Millbrook - April 2004
Cape Romain- May 2004

8. Focus Sites Continuous monitoring: Filter Speciation: IMPROVE and STN
March December 2004
Continuous monitoring:
Sulfate, Nitrate, Carbon
Precursor gases - SO2, NOy, CO
Continuous Mass
Scattering (at the Class 1 area sites)
Meteorology
Alternative methods
Filter Speciation: IMPROVE and STN

9. Third Quarter 2003
E/W Difference- ~8/12 CR diff 8/26 Mass same 9/20

10. Third Quarter 2003
MASS
SULFATE

11. Focus Sites Objectives:
Evaluate the continuous methods used for comparability with existing networks.
Collocated with IMPROVE or STN
‘Alternative’ methods at Millbrook
SEARCH Sulfate, Nitrate (plus ammonium)
TVA/Harvard Sulfate at Look Rock
Aethalometers at all sites
Search Sulfate- Modified Harvard TVA Harvard - ~1 month
SEARCH FRM- Particulate Composition Monitor( PCM) and Dichot

12. Filter comparisons Mass - IMPROVE

13. Filter comparisons Mass – STNRVE

14. Filter comparisons Sulfate – STNRVE

15. Filter comparisons Sulfate - IMPROVE

16. Filter comparisons Sulfate - IMPROVE

17. Continuous to Filter ratio Sulfate
Something after 9/28?

18. Continuous to Filter ratio Sulfate

19. Continuous to Filter ratio Nitrate
Nitrate and Sulfate from same module

20. Filter comparisons Nitrate - IMPROVE

21. Filter comparisons Nitrate - IMPROVE

22. Filter comparisons Nitrate - STNRAVE
3.15

23. Filter comparisons Carbon - IMPROVE

24. Filter comparisons Carbon - IMPROVE

25. Focus Sites Objectives:
Make the data available for use in model evaluation.
Differences in instrument types,individual instruments and changes in performance and effect on ability to ‘mimic’ filter results

26. Data Completeness 2003 Data in AQS
05/18/2005 update

27. Data Completeness 2004 Data in AQS
05/18/2005 update

28. Focus Site Data Normalization

29. Focus Site Data Normalization

30. Focus Site Data Normalization
Comparison of Millbrook ‘raw’ and Normalized data
Provides another opportunity for validation

31. Third Quarter 2003
MASS
SULFATE

32. Focus Site Data Normalization
Must have filter data
IMPROVE - ~1 year
STN- ~4 months
STN protocol sampler added at Cape Romain Site April 2004
Comparison of IMPROVE and STN at a rural site

33. Focus Sites Objectives:
Evaluate the continuous methods used for comparability with existing networks.
Collocated with IMPROVE or STN
‘Alternative’ methods at Millbrook
SEARCH Sulfate, Nitrate (plus ammonium)
TVA/Harvard Sulfate at Look Rock
Aethalometers at all sites

34. Sulfate alternative method Millbrook
July 2004 Diurnal Sulfate and Ammonium
Raw Unadjusted Data
Millbrook, NC VISTAS Focus Site
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Hour of Day
RPSO4, Alt SO4, Alt NH4 - ug/m3
RPSO4
ALT SO4
Preliminary Data Summary Millbrook July,2003-August 2004

35. Focus Sites Objectives: Routine operation in State Networks
Monitors require more attention.
Heavier data management load than criteria monitors.
SC and NC plan to continue to operate to meet specific state or regional objectives.
May need collocated filter analysis.

36. Focus project status Data collection phase ended January 1, 2005
Verification and posting of raw data to AQS
Normalization…
Final Reports..
SC and NC have continued some monitoring
Supporting data for VISTAS work at ROMA
Investigations of PM composition in NC urban areas

37. At this point…. Continuous monitors provide qualitative information
Comparable between sites and methods
BUT…
Filter data is needed to improve correlation between the continuous data and the ‘Standard’ (filter analysis)

38. Sources of Organic Carbon
Objectives:
Identify sources of primary organic carbon (OC)
Estimate relative contributions from source categories to primary OC
Infer contribution of secondary OC to total Carbon mass
Phase 1 – Collection
Phase 2 – Analysis

39. VISTAS CMB Sites SHEN MACA Millbrook GSRM ROMA
VISTAS determined in 2002 that needed to develop speciated PM2.5 data with high temporal resolution (hourly or less) for purposes of model performance evaluation. Sites selected based on availability of funding and availability of suite of companion meteorological and air quality data.
Four Focus sites were identified, three are being funded currently. These are Look Rock in Great Smoky Mtns National Park, Cape Romain Wilderness Area, and Millbrook outside Raleigh, NC.
CLASS 1
URBAN
SEARCH

40. 6-10 ft - 3 M
Cape Romain- May 2004

41. Sources of Organic Carbon
Phase 1 - Collection
Responsibilities:
States, NPS- Install and operate samplers
Contractor- Provide filter prep, management and storage.
Perform initial analysis of filters and blanks
Deliverables:
High volume PM2.5 samplers installed at 5 sites
Sample collection – May 2004 through May 2005
Sample prep and storage – ongoing..
Initial analysis

42. Sources of Organic Carbon
Initial analysis
Blanks OK ?
Enough Sample ?
34 Alkanes
60 Polars
37 Hopanes and Steranes
20 PAHs

43. Sources of Organic Carbon
Initial analysis

44. Sources of Organic Carbon
Initial analysis
Blanks OK ?
Yes, but need to watch filter handling...
Enough Sample ?
Yes, but more, better..
Increase extracted portion of filter from
1/2 to 3/4.

45. HiVol comparison - STN

46. Sources of Organic Carbon
Phase 2 - Analysis
Responsibilities: Contractor-
Perform analysis of filters and blanks
Perform data and source attribution analysis
Report
Deliverables:
Quarterly analysis of selected filters
Exploratory analysis - Principal Component Analysis, Positive Matrix Factorization, Cluster Analysis
Compile source profiles
Apply receptor model (CMB)
Report Dec 2005
Principal Component Analysis, Positive Matrix Factorization, Cluster Analysis

47. Sources of Organic Carbon
Phase 2a – Interlab Comparison
VISTAS and SEARCH
Perform analysis of split filters and blanks
Principal Component Analysis, Positive Matrix Factorization, Cluster Analysis

48. Sources of Organic Carbon
Phase x – C14 Analysis
Approximately 250 of 600 samples cut for chemical analysis
Remaining ¼ of the filter sufficient for C14 analysis
Planning intercomparison with SEARCH
Principal Component Analysis, Positive Matrix Factorization, Cluster Analysis

49. At this point…. Most of the collection work is done
Finalize proces for C14 selection and analysis
get the data out

50. Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Purchase Knob,
Great Smoky Mountains National Park