1. Non-Mendelian Genetics
Advanced Genetics
Non-Mendelian Genetics

2. Back to Mendel Looked at 7 characteristics of pea plants
Came of with the law of Independent Assortment
- meaning that the genes assort themselves independently of each other and that one will not effect the other

3. Why this happens
All of the traits he looked at were on separate chromosomes
If they would have been located on the same chromosome, he would not have been able to determine this

4. Linked Traits
We know now that some traits are linked together because they are located on the same chromosome
Red hair and freckles are linked traits because they are located on the same chromosome
Punnett Squares do not work with linked traits

5. Probability of Rolling Dice
Punnett Square

7. Multiple Genes Some traits have multiple genes that effect one trait
Example:
Height

9. For our example lets say there are 6 different genes that effect height.
If you have 0 of those genes you’ll be short, if you have all 6 of the genes you’ll be tall
*In humans there’s really 13 genes that code for height

10. Example
A man and a woman each have 3 genes so they are both average height
They produce offspring, how tall will their kids be?
AaBbCc x AaBbCc
They each have 3 of the genes that make them tall
If it were AABBCC they would be really tall
If it were aabbcc they would be really short

12. ABC
ABc
AbC
Abc
aBC
aBc
abC
abc 6 5 4 3 2 1
Height
Total Number 1 6 2 15 3 20 4 5

14. Any time you have a bell shaped curve it is multiple genes that effect that trait
Multiple genes affecting a trait is known as polygenic inheritance

15. Sex Linkage
Thomas Hunt Morgan used Mendel’s work to discover this idea using fruit flies
There are certain traits that are linked to the sex chromosomes

16. Sex Linkage in Humans
Color blindness is a sex linked trait

17. Mom’s can be carriers for color blindness
Punnett Square

18. Nonnuclear Inheritance
Mitochondria have their own DNA
Mitochondria come from the egg, or the mom and are passed on from generation to generation
There is no crossing over that occurs in the mitochondria
Chloroplasts contain their own DNA in plants