1. Physical and Chemical Properties
Lesson 2

2. Physical Properties
-A physical property describes a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
Example: Melting Point, Boiling Point

3. When water freezes it expands due to a special bonding between water molecules.
Larger volume with the same mass = Less dense
This is why ice floats

4. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Colour and lustre
The light the substance reflects gives it colour and lustre (shine)
The names for some
substances, such as gold,
are also the names of colours. Gold has lustre; concrete is dull

5. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Conductivity
Conductivity is the ability
of a substance to conduct electricity or heat. A
substance that conducts
electricity or heat is called a conductor. A substance with little or no conductivity is an insulator.
Most metals are good conductors. Copper is a very good conductor of electricity and so is used to make electric wires. Styrofoam® and glass are insulators.

6. Density Density is the amount of mass in a given volume of
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Density
Density is the amount of
mass in a given volume of
a substance.
D = m/v
The density of pure water is 1 g/mL.
The density of gold is 19 g/mL.
Water is denser than oil, but gold is denser than water.

7. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Ductility
Any solid that can be
stretched into a long wire is said to be ductile.
Copper is a common
example of a ductile material.

8. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Hardness
Hardness is a substance’s
ability to resist being scratched. Hardness is
usually measured on the Mohs hardness scale from
1 to 10.
The mineral talc is the softest substance on the Mohs hardness scale (1). Emerald is quite hard (7.5). Diamond is the hardest
(10).

9. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Malleability
A substance that can be
pounded or rolled into
sheets is said to be malleable.
Aluminum foil is an example of a malleable substance.
Metals such as gold and tin are also malleable.

10. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Viscosity
Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to flow.
Honey has a high viscosity
Compared to water.

11. Observing Chemical Properties
A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to change into a new substance or substances.
In order to view a chemical property a chemical change must occur.
Chemical change - the formation of a new substance or substances with new properties.
A chemical reaction is a process in which a chemical change occurs.

12. Chemical Properties
1. Combustibility is the ability of a substance to burn. In order to burn a substance requires Oxygen

13. Chemical Properties
Light sensitivity is a chemical property of that can cause new substances to form when light hits it.

14. Chemical Properties
3. Reacting with an acid is a chemical property where when acid is poured on a substance it produces a gas and bubbles.

15. Physical Change
In a physical change, the substance involved remains the same (chemically). The substance may change form or state, however. All changes of state are physical changes.
Examples: Dissolving a substance in a liquid, breaking something.
NOTE: Most physical changes can be reversed.

16. Chemical changes
In a chemical Change the substance is changed into one or more different substances.
The new substances have different properties from the original substance.
Most chemical changes are difficult to reverse and most cannot be. The new substances are not likely to combine and form the original substance.

17. Often during a chemical change you cannot see the change that has occurred in the substance, but you can observe the results of the change. There are clues that suggest that a chemical change has taken place.

18. Clues that a chemical change has occurred
Evidence
Change in colour
Final product(s) may have a different colour than the colours of the starting material(s).
Formation of a solid (precipitate)
Final materials may include a substance in a state that differs from the staring material(s): Precipitate

19. Clues that a chemical change has occurred
Evidence
Formation of a gas
Final materials may include a substance in a state that differs from the staring material(s); commonly, a gas
Release / absorption of heat or light
Energy (light, electricity, sound or most commonly heat) is given off or absorbed.
The change is difficult to reverse
The change cannot be reversed or it is difficult to.

20. Lab and Practice Questions – hand in