1. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & Health,
Situational Analysis and Needs Assessment:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & Health,
AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN ETHIOPIA
Establishing a GEOHealth Hub for East Africa
School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia &
University of Southern California, USA
Regional Workshop on Planning for the Global Environmental and Occupational Health (GEOHealth)
Kampala 22 April 2015

2. Outline Purpose Methods Key Findings Conclusions Recommendations
Future actions

3. Major events Contact Established through MOU (July 2011): USC & AAU
Dec 2011 announcement RFA-TW
Grant application March 2012: Paired Wise
Two years Planning grant: Sept 2012-Aug 2013; Sept 2013-Aug 2014
Year I: Ethiopia’s SANA: Launching and inception meetings; National workshops
Year II: Mini SANA East Africa
Regional workshop in Addis Ababa July 31 /2014
3rd Year Sept 14- Aug 2015: Supplementary Grant
Nov 11_Grant application for the GEOHealth Hub

4. Partnership for the Planning Grant: the cornerstone
Multi - desciplinarity in nature
Service providers
Organizations: FMOH, FEPA, FMOLSA
Knowledge generators
NGOs: PANA
Addis Ababa University: Horn of Africa, Inst of Environment and Development
Professionals-Experts: 12 individuals (5 from USC and 7 from AAU (SPH+Horn of Africa+Inst of Env’t and Development)

5. Launching meeting - 20 Nov 2012

6. Regional Workshop participants: July 31/2014

7. Objectives of SANA_GEOHealth-Ethiopia
What is the Existing situation?
What are the gaps? Challenges?
What are the needs?
What can be suggested that Academia can do Vs needs
Air pollution
Climate Change and Health
Occupational Safety and Health
Policy and Organizational structure? Context?

8. Methods Situational Analysis Needs Assessment
By large literature review (published)
Gray literature: Reports review (gov’t, unpublished)
Needs Assessment
Situational analysis synthesis outcome
In-depth interviews with key informants
Face to face discussion with experts, authorities: MOLSA, BOLSA, EPA, NMA
Visits of enterprises (Textile, leather, Paint, printing press, Metal)

9. 1. Findings - OSH Hazards/exposures
Physical hazards: dust, noise, heat, vibration, illumination, etc
Chemical haz: pesticides, heavy metals (Lead, )
Ergonomics
Biological
KAP
Determinants/ Factors
Work place factors
Individual/ subject factors
Institutional factors
Work places
Agriculture
Large and medium scale manufacturing
Small Scale enterprise
Informal sector
Two types of work forces
Proc No 377/2003: “2.1 mln”
Proc No. 515/2007: 1.1 mln

10. Gaps and Needs - Summary
Areas of concern
Needs
Research
Research directions; priorities;
Multi-site researches
Optimum coverage Vs Biased studies
Emerging industries
Training
On-job training (in-service)
Short-term trainings
Post (BSc) training
Capacity building
Access to basic instruments
Focused training on this instruments
Provision of basic lab
Inspection and data base

11. Policy and regulation
Enterprise level
Enforcing provisions/ System establishment
Organizational issues
Human resource development plan
Trained man power
Structural inefficiency
M & E of key indicators
Establishing Key indicators?
Monitoring them?
Sustainable Data base
A system for dissemination

12. 2. Findings - Air Pollution and Health in Ethiopia
Ambient/ traffic air pollution
Increased exposure due to vehicles: Diesel Vs petrol
Factors
Increasing number of vehicles
Volume of vehicles per road
Road infrastructure
Limited policy influence on aged vehicles
Proximity living
Indoor air pollution
Increased exposure
Limited studies on exposure and links with health effect
Exposure factors:
Biomass fuel
Poorly managed housing (space)
HH behavior
Ecology
Education
Gender equity

13. Major Gaps and Needs on Air Pollution
Organizational structure lacks:
Focus on Air Pollution
Coordination mechanism among key stakeholders
There is paucity of evidence/research
No strategic direction, priority research agenda, and established Key pollutants set on Air Pollution;
No basic, reference laboratories, research centers & facilities
Training centers on Air Pollution not available
Skill gaps on monitoring, data analysis
On-the-job-training, short-term and long-term training are limited
No regular Monitoring on AQ (Ambient/Indoor environs) on identified key indicators of AP

14. 3. Findings – Climate change and health
Source: Observed precipitation (Schneider et al. 2008) and temperature (Brohan et al. 2006) changes in Ethiopia (annual averages). (Source: Marius Keller (2009). Climate Risks and Development Projects Assessment Report for a Community-Level Project in Guduru, Oromiya, Ethiopia).

15. Findings – Climate change and health
Climate-sensitive diseases/ Hazards
Vector-borne diseases: malaria, trypanosomiasis, onchocerciasis, Leshmaniasis
Soil-transmitted Helminthiases (STHs)
Water-borne diseases: schistosomiasis, diarrhoeal disease
Meningitis
Zoonotic diseases
Air Pollution
Nutrition and related impact
Extreme Events
Agriculture
Water
Energy
Industry
Transport
Education
Health

16. Gap analysis - Climate Change & Health
Organizational gaps
Structural anomalies
Coordination
Ownership diffused
Training gaps
inadequately trained in the specific relevant techniques
Lack of training on special skill development
lack proper awareness and knowledge
Research Gaps
In adequate research
Limited or no research capacity
Basic lab
No Data base

17. Gaps cont’d Climate Institutional capacity Lack of technology
No fitted human resource
Policy capacity
Climate change and health linkage
M & E
Identified key indicators
Measurement

18. 4. Policy and Organizational frameworks
The current policies and regulations in general seem OK
Gaps
Duplication of efforts (MOH, EPA)
Linkage between policy/ regulation and system in enforcement, practice/ implementing/ ensuring provisions
Structural competency (M & E, lab, human resources, research)
Public awareness
Limited resources (logistics and finance)

19. Conclusion: Areas of concern
Sustaining and actively
Harmonizing Policy and regulations Vs structure
Capacity building
Research on priority area
Training needs
M & E

20. Recommendations
Improving Linkage between Academia and service and production rendering Organizations
Establish the driving Engine Vs Hub

21. Progressing activities: SANA-GEOHealth
Outputs for GEOHealth
Disseminations: Four major workshops
Printing SANA-GEOHealth
Publications: the focused Themes
Planning MOU with service providers/sectors
Website of GEOHealth:

22. GEOHealth Retreat: Writing Review Manuscripts
GEOHealth Retreat: Writing Review Manuscripts Nazreth (Adama) Dec 2014

23. Thank You