1. “Fortunately, somewhere between chance and mystery lies imagination, the only thing that protects our freedom, despite the fact that people keep trying to reduce it or kill it off altogether.” – Luis Buñuel

2. French Cinema during the Silent Era
Louis Feuillade – The Vampires (1915) - Serial
Abel Gance – Napoleon
Polyvision- three screen interlock – triptych screen
Color tinting
Restoration Interview – Kevin Brownlow
Germaine Dulac – Female experimental directorThe Seashell and The Clergyman (1928)

3. Surrealism in Cinema
Surrealism – An art movement that tried to capture the creative potential of the unconscious mind; the irrational juxtaposition of images
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4. Buñuel and Dali Luis Buñuel Salvador Dali
Un Chien andalou (An Andalusian Dog) 1929
Shocking imagery – Intentionally wanted to shock audiences and attack the “avant garde world of cinema”
Luis Bunuel discusses Un Chien Andalou
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5. Jean Renoir
Considered by many critics to be one of the greatest filmmakers
First film – Catherine – A life without joy (1924)
Grand Illusion
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6. Italy
Enrico Guazzoni Quo Vadis? (1912) – Considered to be the first successful TWO-HOUR feature film
Elvira Notari – Female Italian director- heralded Italian Neorealism
Neorealism – used non-actors, focused on the poor and working class, and tried to represent the social and economic changes in Italy
A Santonette – (1922)
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Elvira Notari

7. Soviet Union
Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the Soviet Union, realized the power of cinema as a propaganda tool
Film production was nationalized in Russia in 1917 to promote the Bolshevik cause (Communism)
Lev Kuleshov – (circa. 1920s) developed the Kuleshov effect – Phenomenon in which the viewer interprets more meaning from the interaction of two sequential shots than from a single shot in isolation
Sergei Eisenstein – Battleship Potemkin (1925)
Shot in ten weeks, but edited in two weeks – uses 1,346 shots
The Man with a Movie Camera (1929)– stylized view of a day in the life of Soviet Union citizen – Dziga Vertov
Lev Kuleshov
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Sergei Eisenstein
Dziga Vertov

8. Germany
World War I – ( ) begins – spurned by the assassination of Austrian-Hungary empire, archduke Franz Ferdinand
Paul Wegener – Horror – Der Golem
Paul Leni – Dr. Hart’s Diary (1917) – Anti-War
Robert Wiene – The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920)- EXPRESSIONISM – dark & moody approach to lighting and camera placement
UFA –Universum Film Aktiengesellschaft - German state- subsidized company
Fritz Lang & Thea Von Harbou– Metropolis ( )
40:00
1:24:00
F.W. Murnau – Nosferatu (1922) – 31:00
Robert Weine
Fritz Lang
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F.W. Murnau

9. Japan
The Lumiere Brothers visited Japan and filmed an early Japanese film
Momijigari (1899) another early Japanese film
At the beginning of the 20th Century, BENSHI – narrators would sit next to the screen and narrate the silent films
Film criticism grew in Japan around the 1910s
Thus, the Pure Film Movement arose – telling stories cinematically and not relying on the benshi
Popular genres in Japan during the silent era
The gendai-geki – contemporary dramas about family life
Jidai-geki – films that recreated Japan’s feudal era (Samurai films)
Teinosuke Kinugasa - A Page of Madness (1926)
Souls on the Road (1921)
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Kantsubaki (1921)

10. England Lieutenant Daring series
The Protectionist Cinematographic Films Act of – required British theaters to show a quota of British made films
Alfred Hitchcock emerges – The Pleasure Garden – filmed in Germany
Hitchcock
Show Boxing Cats and Experimental Sound film