1. Camera Settings
What Do They Do?

2. three settings pillars
Aperture
Shutter Speed
ISO

3. Aperture
Opening in the camera that controls the amount of light that reaches the image sensor

4. Aperture Aperture openings are designated as “f/stops”
“f” is the focal length of the optical system (size of the hole!)
The smaller the f/number the larger the aperture opening
f/2 allows more light to pass through the lens than f/8

5. Why Is It Called “f/stop”?
f=focal length of the optical system, or size of the hole
Old cameras could not adjust automatically, so photographers had multiple plates with different sized holes which would “stop” the light from getting through

6. Shutter Speed The amount of time the image sensor is left open
Measured in fractions of seconds
1/2000, 1/1500, 1/350, 1/90, 1/30
1/2000 is CRAZY fast and you probably won’t ever use it!
Common shutter speeds are 1/500 to 1/60
Slow shutter speeds require a tripod to reduce shake

7. Shutter Speed in the Real World
Situation
Setting
Speed
A hummingbird is hovering above a flower, and you don't want its wings to be blurry
Very fast shutter speed
2000 to 4000
Your kids are playing soccer, and you want the images to be sharp and clear
Fast shutter speed
500 to 1000
You are taking a portrait of your favorite pet, and your pet is being polite and sitting still
Moderate shutter speed
125 to 500
A carousel is spinning and you want to show how fast it is going by letting the horses blur
Slow shutter speed and tripod
8 to 60
You want to take a photograph of your favorite building at night
Very slow shutter speed and tripod
8 to 30

8. Shutter Speed Example –Fast
The seagulls were about to take off, and were opening their wings
To freeze the motion of the wings, a fast shutter speed of 1/750 had to be used
1/750 second shutter speed

9. Shutter Speed Example - Medium
The day was calm, and the grass was not moving very fast in the breeze
Fast motion did not need to be captured
The required shutter speed is 1/180 of a second
1/180 second shutter speed

10. Shutter Speed Example – Slow
Capture the waterfall in motion
Create a blurry look for the moving water
Set the shutter speed to 1/6 of a second
Recommend a tripod with this photo to reduce blur
1/6 second shutter speed

11. Shutter Speed– Very Slow
Eight second exposure on a street at night
Photo would be difficult without a tripod
Red and white streaks are the lights of passing cars. Since the shutter was open a while, the cars passed by completely while the photo was being taken
1/30 second shutter speed

12. One Photo, Various Shutter Speeds
1/2500 second

13. One Photo, Various Shutter Speeds
1/1000 second

14. One Photo, Various Shutter Speeds
1/500 second

15. One Photo, Various Shutter Speeds
1/125 second

16. One Photo, Various Shutter Speeds
1/60 second

17. Check out the shutter speed and aperture online simulator
Now You Try!
Check out the shutter speed and aperture online simulator

18. Focal Length
Distance between the lens and image sensor (or “film”, in old cameras)
To focus on something farther away, the lens needs to move farther from the image sensor
“Normal” lens is under 50 mm
“Telephoto” lens is more than 50 mm

19. Focal Length
14mm

20. Focal Length
28mm

21. Focal Length
35mm

22. Focal Length
70mm

23. Focal Length
135mm

24. Focal Length
400mm

25. Depth of Field
The range of distance in a photograph that appears in focus
Combination of lens focal length, distance from subject and aperture opening
The smaller the aperture opening, the more of the image will be in focus; f/22 offers a greater depth of field than f /2.8

26. Please click here to access a short movie on dof

27. f/2.8 (large opening) 1/2000 second (crazy fast shutter speed)
Depth of Field
f/2.8 (large opening) 1/2000 second (crazy fast shutter speed)

28. f/4 (large opening) 1/1000 second
Depth of Field
f/4 (large opening) 1/1000 second

29. f/8 (medium opening) 1/250 second
Depth of Field
f/8 (medium opening) 1/250 second

30. f/16 (small opening) 1/60 second
Depth of Field
f/16 (small opening) 1/60 second

31. f/22 (very small opening) 1/30 second (very slow shutter speed)
Depth of Field
f/22 (very small opening) 1/30 second (very slow shutter speed)

32. Why Do We Use Depth of Field?
A creative device
Can help isolate subjects from the foreground or background

33. Exposure
Total amount of light captured while taking a single photograph
Two variables affect exposure:
Shutter speed determines length of time sensor captures light
Aperture determines how much light passes through lens

34. Too much light: washed out Too little light: dark
Exposure
Only one combination of aperture and shutter speed to result in ideal exposure
Too much light: washed out
Too little light: dark

35. 1/250 second shutter speed f/22 aperture
Exposure
1/250 second shutter speed f/22 aperture

36. 1/250 second shutter speed f/16 aperture
Exposure
1/250 second shutter speed f/16 aperture

37. 1/250 second shutter speed f/8 aperture
Exposure
1/250 second shutter speed f/8 aperture

38. 1/250 second shutter speed f/4 aperture
Exposure
1/250 second shutter speed f/4 aperture

39. ISO How sensitive the image sensor is to the amount of light present
The higher the ISO, the more sensitive the image sensor (take better pix in low-light situations)
Good if you cannot use a flash
It’s not all good: more sensitivity equals more graininess and reduced image quality

40. please click here to access a short video on iso

41. ISO 200 ¼ second shutter speed, f/5.6 aperture

42. ISO 400 ¼ second shutter speed, f/5.6 aperture

43. ISO 800 ¼ second shutter speed, f/5.6 aperture

44. ISO 1600 ¼ second shutter speed, f/5.6 aperture

45. ISO 3200 ¼ second shutter speed, f/5.6 aperture

46. Now You Try!
Put it all together!

47. assignment
After you utilize both simulators, write a one-paragraph essay on what you learned. Ensure you cover how the combination of the different aspects affect the photo you create.
Title it [last name] simulator, save it in your “photo journalism” folder on Google Drive and share with Mrs. J via Google Drive by midnight on Wednesday, October 4, 2017.