1. Historical Review Of Notable Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Region

2. EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION
THE SEISMICITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED FOR OVER 2000 YEARS
MANY IMPORTANT CITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST HAVE BEEN DESTROYED BY EARTHQUAKES AND SOMETIMES TSUNAMIS

3. TECTONICS

6. 2150 BC EARTHQUAKE EVENT 2150 BC CONSEQUENCES
SODOM AND GOMORRAH DESTROYED

7. 525 BC EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
EVENT
525 BC
COASTAL LEBANON
CONSEQUENCES
TYRE DESTROYED BY TSUNAMI

8. 140 BC EARTHQUAKE EVENT 140 BC COASTAL LEBANON CONSEQUENCES
TSUNAMI STRIKES TYRE

9. 31 BC EARTHQUAKE EVENT 31 BC AT LEAST MAGNITUDE 7 JORDAN VALLEY
CONSEQUENCES
ONE OF THE LARGEST SHOCKS IN 2000 YEARS

10. DECEMBER 3M 115 AD EARTHQUAKE
EVENT
DECEMBER 3, 115 AD
LEVANTINE COAST
CONSEQUENCES
ANTIOCH DEVASTATED

11. 306 AD EARTHQUAKE
EVENT
306 AD
LEVANTINE COAST
CONSEQUENCES
TSUNAMI

12. 349 AD EARTHQUAKE EVENT 349 AD COASTAL LEBANON CONSEQUENCES
MOST OF BEIRUT DESTROYED

13. AUGUST 21-22, 502 AD EARTHQUAKES
EVENT
AUGUST 21-22, 502 AD
COASTAL LEBANON
CONSEQUENCES
DAMAGE FROM TYRE TO ALEPPO

14. JULY 6, 551 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
EVENT
JULY 6, 551 AD
COASTAL LEBANON
MAY BE LARGEST MAGNITUDE EVENT IN LEVANT
CONSEQUENCES
TOTAL DESTRUCTION OF BEIRUT AND A LARGE AREA
TSUNAMI
TECTONIC DEFORMATION

15. JUNE 658 AD EARTHQUAKE EVENT JUNE 658 AD SYRIA-PALESTINE CONSEQUENCES
DEVASTATION EVERYWHERE

16. JANUARY 18, 746 AD EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
EVENT
JANUARY 18, 746 AD
M7.3
JORDAN VALLEY
CONSEQUENCES
HEAVY DAMAGE IN VALLEY
TSUNAMI

17. OCTOBER 881 AD EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
EVENT
OCTOBER 881 AD
LEVANTINE COAST
CONSEQUENCES
TSUNAMI AT ACRE

18. MAY 1053 AD EARTHQUAKE EVENT MAY 1063 AD COASTAL LEBANON CONSEQUENCES
ARQA DESTROYED AND ABANDONED

19. AUGUST 15, 1157 EARTHQUAKE EVENT AUGUST 15, 1157 MAGNITUDE 7 PLUS
BEKAA VALLEY
CONSEQUENCES
DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
DAMASCUS DESTROYED

20. JUNE 29, 1170 EARTHQUAKE EVENT JUNE 29, 1170 AD MAGNITUDE 7 PLUS
BEKAA VALLEY
CONSEQUENCES
DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE

21. JUNE-JULY 1201 EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS
EVENT
JUNE AND JULY, 1201
LEVANTIAN COAST
CONSEQUENCES
SEISMIC SWARM
DESTRUCTION IN CYRPRUS, SYRIA, AND PALESTINE
TSUNAMIS

22. MAY 20, 1202 EARTHQUAKE EVENT MAY 20, 1202 MAGNITUDE 7.5 BEKAA VALLEY
CONSEQUENCES
DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
TRIPOLI, HOMS, AND BA’ALBEK DESTROYED

23. AUGUST 8, 1303 EARTHQUAKE EVENT AUGUST 8, 1303 EGYPT CONSEQUENCES
DAMAGE IN CAIRO AND ALEXANDRIA

24. DECEMBER 1403 - JANUARY 1404 EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS
EVENT
DECEMBER 1403-JANUARY 1404
LEVANTINE COAST
CONSEQUENCES
TSUNAMI

25. SEPTEMBER 19, 1509 EARTHQUAKES
EVENT
SEPTEMBER 10, 1509
MARMARA SEA
CONSEQUENCES
ISTANBUL DESTROYED

26. JULY 21, 1752 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
EVENT
JULY 21, 1752
LEVANTINE COAST
CONSEQUENCES
TSUNAMIS

27. NOVEMBER 25, 1759 BEKAA VALLEY EARTHQUAKE
EVENT
NOVEMBER 25, 1759
MAGNITUDE 7.4
BEKAA VALLEY
CONSEQUENCES
DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
BEIRUT AND DAMASCUS DEVASTATED
30,000 DEAD

28. AUGUST 13, 1882 EARTHQUAKE EVENT AUGUST 13, 1822 ALEPPO, SYRIA
CONSEQUENCES
20,000 KILLED
17,000 HOUSES DESTROYED

29. JANUARY 1, 1837 EARTHQUAKE EVENT JANUARY 1, 1837 TIBNIN, JORDAN
CONSEQUENCES
4,000 KILLED

30. DECEMBER 12, 1856 EARTHQUAKE EVENT DECEMBER 12, 1856 JORDAN VALLEY
CONSEQUENCES
TIBERIAS DESTROYED
TSUNAMIS

31. JULY 11, 1927 EARTHQUAKE EVENT JULY 11, 1927 MAGNITUDE 7.2
JORDAN VALLEY
CONSEQUENCES
JERUSALEM AND AMMAN DAMAGED
340 DEAD
MANY HOUSES DAMAGED

32. DECEMBER 26, 1939 ERZINCAN-REFAHIYE EARTHQUAKE
EVENT
DECEMBER 26, 1939
MAGNITUDE 8
MANY AFTERSHOCKS
ERZINCAN-REFAHIYE, TURKEY
CONSEQUENCES
NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
43,000 KILLED
76,000 INJURED
200,000 HOUSES DESTROYED

33. MARCH 6, 1952 EARTHQUAKE EVENT MARCH 16, 1952 MAGNITUDE 6
COASTAL LEBANON, 50 KM SOUTH OF BEIRUT
CONSEQUENCES
136 DEAD
6.000 HOUSES DESTROYED

34. OCTOBER 10, 1980 EL ASNAM EARTHQUAQKE
EL ASNAM, ALGERIA EARTHQUAKE
OCTOBER 10, 1980
2,500 DEATHS
300,000 HOMELESS
> $ 4 BILLION IN LOSSES (10 % OF ALGERIA’S GDP)

35. NOVEMBER 23, 1980 IRPINIA, ITALY EARTHQUAKE
EVENT
NOVEMBER 23, 1980
MAGNITUDE 6.9
IRPINIA-BASILICATA, ITALY
CONSEQUENCES
2,914 KILLED AND 10,000 INJURED
300,000 HOMELESS AND DISPLACED
AN ESTIMATED $50 BILLION IN LOSSES

36. DECEMBER 13, 1982 DAHMAR EARTHQUAKE
EVENT
DECEMBER 13, 1982
MAGNITUDE 6
DAHMAR, YEMEN
CONSEQUENCES
15,000 KILLED OR INJURED
500,000 HOMELESS AND DISPLACED

37. MARCH 13, 1992 ERZINCAN EARTHQUAKE
EVENT
MARCH 13, 1992
MAGNITUDE 7.1
ERZINCAN, TURKEY
CONSEQUENCES
NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
653 DEAD
3,850 INJURED
50,000 HOMELESS

38. OCTOBER 12, 1992 DAHSHOUR EARTHQUAKE
EVENT
OCTOBER 12, 1992
MAGNITUDE 5.9
DAHSHOUR, EGYPT
CONSEQUENCES
7,000 KILLED OR INJURED
1,000 SCHOOLS DAMAGED

39. NOVEMBER 23, 1995 GULF OF AQABA EVENT
NOVEMBER 23, 1995 MAGNITUDE 7.5
GULF OF AQABA
CONSEQUENCS
DAMAGE TO BUILDNGS IN BORDER REGIONS OF JORDAN, EGYPT, ISRAEL, AND SAUDI ARABIA
CONSIDERED A “WAKE UP CALL”

41. AUGUST 17, 1999 KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE
CONSEQUENCES
NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
17,127 KILLED
43,953 INJURED
250,000 HOMELESS
ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BILLIONS
EVENT
3:02 AM AUGUST 17, 1999
MAGNITUDE 7.4
KOCAELI, TURKEY
INDUSTRIAL HEARTLAND AND 12,500 SQUARE KM IMPACTED

42. KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE INDUSTRIAL HEARTLAND DEVASTATED OIL REFINERY
AUTO PLANT
30,500 BUSINESSES AFFECTED
ECONOMIC LOSSES IN THE BILLIONS

43. NOVEMBER 12, 1999 DUZCE EARTHQUAKE
EVENT
6:57 PM NOVEMBER 12, 1999
MAGNITUDE 7.2
DUZCE, TURKEY, 185 KM EAST OF ISTANBUL
CONSEQUENCES
NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
500 DEAD
3,000 INJURED
TRANS-EUROPEAN MOTORWAY DAMAGED

44. MAY 21, 2003 BOUMERDES, ALGERIA EARTHQUAKE
EVENT
7:45 PM MAY 21, 2003
MAGNITUDE 6.8
BOUMERDES PROVINCE, ALGERIA, 60 KM FROM ALGIERS
CONSEQUENCES
AFRICA-EURASIA PLATE COLLISION; ZEMMOURI FAULT
2,266 DEAD; 10,261 INJURED
1,241 BUILDINGS DAMAGED ; 150,000 HOMELESS

45. BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE

46. BAM, IRAN EARTHQUAKE 2003
M6/6
OVER 31,000 DEAD

47. CITADEL OF BAM, IRAN: BEFORE EARTHQUAKE:

48. CITADEL OF BAM, IRAN: AFTER EARTHQUAKE:

49. APRIL 6, 2009 L’AQUILLA (ABRUZZO) EARTHQUAKE
EVENT
3:30 AM APRIL 6, 2009
MAGNITUDE 6.3
L’AQUILLA, ITALY, 70 KM FROM ROME
CONSEQUENCES
NORMAL FAULT SYSTEM
300 DEAD
AN ESTIMATED 11,000 BUILDINGS DAMAGED

50. LOCATION MAP

51. DAMAGE: VILLAGE OF ONNA

52. TWIN MODERATE-MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKES STRIKE IRAN SATURDAY, AUGUST 11, 2012

53. Iran has many well-known seismically active faults, which have generated devastating earthquakes in recent years, including a M6.6 earthquake in 2003 that destroyed the city of Bam and killed more than 31,000 people

54. THE EARTHQUAKES (Source: US Geological Survey)
Saturday's first quake of M6.4 and a depth of 9.9 km (6.2 miles) struck just before 5 pm 60 km (37 miles) northeast of the city of Tabriz.
Saturday’s second quake of M6.3 at a similar depth struck 49 km (30 miles) northeast of Tabriz 11 minutes later.

55. The earthquakes struck in East Azerbaijan province, a mountainous region that neighbors Azerbaijan and Armenia to the north and is predominantly populated by ethnic Azeris, a minority group.

56. INITIAL IMPACTS
Over 1,000 villages were affected, with over 5,000 buildings in 100 villages partially or totally destroyed as concrete-block and mud-brick buildings collapsed.
At least 20 villages could not be reached because of impassable roads.
People in some villages were in dire need of food and drinking water.

57. VARZAGHAN: DAMAGE

58. INITIAL IMPACTS
Over 300 dead (more likely), with over 60 percent being women and children, partly due to the time of day (5 PM) that the quake struck.
Over 1,800 injured.

59. INITIAL IMPACTS (continued)
36,000 people in the quake-hit area were provided with emergency shelter.
Many slept on the street and in parks.
A field hospital set up in Varzaghan on Sunday to treat the injured was staffed by just two doctors, but ,with shortages of medical supplies and food, was hard pressed to meet the urgent needs.

60. INITIAL IMPACTS (continued)
Hospitals Hospitals in Tabriz (49 km distance) treated many of the injured from the surrounding villages.
Water, electricity, and phone lines in the Varzaghan area were all down, further hindering rescue efforts
Preliminary loss estimate: $650 million USD