1. Unit 7 Agenda
Big Question: What was the Cold War and how were countries caught in the middle of the competition between the US and USSR at this time?
End of the Cold War – notes & video
Hwk –Complete Unit 7 Final Exam Review Questions

2. CH. 26 SECT. 5 “The End of the Cold War”
Terms:
Détente
Deng’s 4 Modernizations
Perestroika
Glasnost

3. Post Mao China: Deng’s 4 Modernizations

4. Q. China: After Mao
When did Deng Xaioping come to power in Communist China? What policy did Deng use to increase China’s economic influence in the 21st century? In what areas did he create these changes?

5. What happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989? Why did it happen?
Q. China: After Mao
What happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989? Why did it happen?

6. Deng Xiaoping
Deng emerged as leader of China in 1978 (he would act as leader until 1992)

7. Economic Recovery for China: Modernists Come to Power
Deng Xiaoping - Facing enormous economic challenges
used CAPITALIST ideas to help the economy

8. Economic Recovery for China: Modernists Come to Power 1978
Deng’s FOUR MODERNIZATIONS
policy for progress in agriculture, industry, defense, and science/technology
Leased land to private farmers – private ownership
Small businesses permitted to operate
Welcomes foreign investment

9. Q. China: After Mao
When did Deng Xaioping come to power in Communist China? What policy did Deng use to increase China’s economic influence in the 21st century? In what areas did he create these changes?

10. Q. China: After Mao
1978
Deng’s 4 Modernizations increased China’s economic influence in the world. Changes were made in agriculture, industry, defense, science & technology

11. Deng’s Crackdown on Human Rights: Tiananmen Square
A huge public space in Beijing, China in 1989, the site of a student protest or uprising in support of democratic reforms.
“Down with corruption” “Down with dictatorship” and “Long live democracy!”

12. Deng’s Crackdown on Human Rights: Tiananmen Square
Deng Xiaoping ordered more than 250,000 troops to surround Beijing.
Tanks smashed through June 4, 1989.
Soldiers sprayed gunfire. Killed 100s, wounded 1,000s. Not sure of the #’s dead
Arrested over 10,000 people
Video

13. Video
Tank Man

14. What happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989? Why did it happen?
Q. China: After Mao
What happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989? Why did it happen?

15. Q. China: After Mao
What happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989? Why did it happen?
Answer: Democratic protests! Deng sent out the People’s Liberation Army to stop the democratic protests. Hundreds to possibly 1,000’s were killed.
Deng put down these protests to show that China was still rigid in its Communist political policies. The Tiananmen Square Massacre represented Deng’s crackdown on Chinese human rights.

16. Deng Xiaoping
Deng emerged as leader of China in 1978 (he would act as leader until 1992)
Some of China’s Leaders After Deng Xiaoping:
Jiang Zemin Hu Jintao Xi Jinping(2014)

17. Deng’s legacy Booming economy transformed China
But repression of democratic ideas

19. USSR repression during the Cold War

20. USSR: Death of Stalin, 1953
In the post war years, the Soviets kept a firm grip on satellite nations – Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania and East Germany
After the Death of Stalin, March of 1953, more moderate leaders come to power
During the 50’s and 60’s, Eastern European nations try to gain more autonomy and independence

21. Nikita Khrushchev

22. Soviets Dominate Eastern Europe: Nikita Khrushchev
Denounces Stalin
Enacts de-Stalinization (purging the country of Stalin’s memory) program
Nevertheless resentment in the satellite countries still builds…
Soviet policies greatly hampered Eastern Europe’s economic recovery

23. USSR puts down reform protests in Hungary
Cold War Dissidents (those who protest Soviet policies) - not tolerated by USSR leadership:
1956 in Hungary Imre Nagy forms a new government
Response of Soviet Union – Soviet forces overpowered the Hungary’s freedom fighters
USSR leader, Nikita Khrushchev replaced Nagy’s gov’t and had him executed

24. Building of the Berlin Wall - 1961
Millions of East Germans had fled by crossing the border between East and West Berlin and then moving into West Germany. Khrushchev believed it was necessary build a wall in Berlin to preserve COMMUNISM in EAST GERMANY

25. Leonid Brezhnev – Repression of Czechoslovakia’s Demands For Democratic Reforms

26. USSR Puts Down Protests for Reform in Czechoslovakia
Cold War Dissidents (those who protest Soviet policies) - not tolerated by USSR leadership:
1964 Alexander Dubcek’s Czechoslovakia invaded by member countries of the Warsaw Pact –
USSR leader - Brezhnev – claimed Soviet right to prevent its satellites from rejecting communism

29. The Cold War – Oppression of the SatellitesM
How did the Soviets deal with the unrest that arose in Czechoslovakia in the 1960’s
They expelled Czechoslovakia from the USSR
They granted Czech. more independence.
They invaded Czech. and crushed the protests.
They restructured the economy of Czech. along strictly communist lines.

31. From Brinkmanship to Detente
In the 1970’s both the US and USSR backed away from aggressive policies of “Brinkmanship”
Moved toward a period of lowered tensions.
US embraces DÉTENTE – President Nixon adopted this policy of reducing COLD WAR tensions

33. The End of the Cold War DÉTENTE DEFINITION:
Détente was
The idea that a country would not risk war if it faced the prospect of certain destruction
The term used by the French to describe the Cold War.
The easing of Cold War tensions and hostilities during the 1970’s
The symbol of the growing divide between East and West in the late 1940’s

34. The Soviet Afghan War (1979-1989) ends Détente!
Communists seized power in Afghanistan in 1978.
Civil War broke out – Muslim rebels threatened to topple the gov’t
USSR sent in troops to defend the communist regime
USA imposed tough sanctions on USSR (incl. boycott of 1980 Moscow Olympics); also sent arms to help rebels
Afghan War weakened USSR’s political & economic power – last Soviet forces left Afghanistan in 1989

35. SOVIET AFGHAN WAR

36. 1980 Summer Olympics
The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and other countries would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

37. The End of the Cold War & Collapse of the USSR

38. O. Perestroika & Glasnost

39. What caused the end of the USSR?
Liberal Reforms by Mikhail Gorbachev
Eastern block satellite nations began to break away from the USSR and Communism

40. The Collapse of the Soviet Union
Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in 1982
USSR in trouble economically
He changes the USSR with his policies of Perestroika and Glasnost
Perestroika: economic restructuring; allowing more freedom; less command economy
Glasnost: openness, allowed for the FREE flow of ideas and information!

41. O. Perestroika & Glasnost

42. O. Perestroika & Glasnost

43. Increased state control of the economy
The End of the Cold War
The reform program in the USSR known as perestroika (“restructuring”) resulted in
Increased state control of the economy
Less public criticism of the gov’t
The adoption of limited free-market policies
The resignation of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev

44. Reforms in Poland, 1989
Gorbachev’s policies cue the satellite nations that change can come
Poland – Union of workers called Solidarity call for reforms in Communist State
1989 – first free elections democratically elects Lech Walesa as president
Communism is out in Poland!

45. Hungary, 1989 Inspired by Poland, reforms are encouraged
Private enterprise, stock market, new constitution
Communist party dissolves itself under pressure and national elections brings in a democratic govt
Opening Hungary’s borders…

46. Hungary, 1989 Inspired by Poland, reforms are encouraged
Private enterprise, stock market, new constitution
Communist party dissolves itself under pressure and national elections brings in a democratic gov’t
Opening Hungary’s borders…

47. Fall of the Berlin Wall, 1989 video

48. Fall of the Berlin Wall, 1989
East Germany tried to resist change going on in Poland and Hungary
Hungary allowed East Germans to cross border into Austria and into West Germany
East Germany closes border completely
Protests erupt
Pressure allows Berlin Wall to fall
Communist party dissolves

49. Collapse of the Soviet Union
Gorbachev was in charge as Eastern European nations break away
Now those republics within the Soviet Union, like Lithuania, try to break away from USSR
Horrifies many of the hardliner or hard core communists
They try to overthrow Gorbachev –
The August Coup

50. Boris Yeltsin After the failure of the August Coup,
Boris Yeltsin dissolves the Communist party
Gorbachev resigns
1991- The Soviet Union becomes the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

51. The Russian Federation is a member of the CIS
Boris Yeltsin
The Russian Federation is a member of the CIS
Boris Yeltsin becomes 1st elected Pres. of Russia

54. _____P3. With all Gorbachev’s reforms, the Soviet economy
improved
relied upon China for support
continued to decline and his reputation at home suffered
relied upon North Korea for support

55. Collapse of the Soviet Union Youtube video
End of the Cold War with USSR
Collapse of the Soviet Union Youtube video