1. Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9

2. ATP
a portable form of energy “currency” inside the cells. The energy released from ATP powers chemical reactions in your cells.

3. ATP releases energy when the bond between one of the 3 phosphates breaks, forming ADP (diphosphate). As the bond breaks, energy is released that the cell can use.

4. Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose.
Occurs in plants and bacteria.
In chloroplast.
Cellular Respiration releases energy from glucose.
Occurs in ALL living cells.
In mitochondria.

5. Cellular Respiration Net Equation
6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
Three Stages
Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
The Main form of Energy produced = ATP

6. 2 Types of Respiration Aerobic- requires oxygen Anaerobic-
does not require oxygen (less efficient)

7. Fermentation (without oxygen)
Chemical Pathways
Section 9-1
Glucose
Krebs cycle
Electron transport
Glycolysis
Alcohol or lactic acid
Fermentation (without oxygen)
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8. Respiration: An Overview
Section 9-1
Mitochondrion
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2
Pyruvic acid
Glucose
Electron Transport Chain
Krebs Cycle
Glycolysis
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
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9. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Process in which a glucose molecule is broken down and the energy it contains is released.

10. Electron Transport Chain
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Glucose (C6H1206) +
Oxygen (02)
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2) +
Water
(H2O)
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11. 3 Stages to Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis- glucose is partially broken down to pyruvate (yields 2 ATP) in cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle -pyruvate is completely broken down to CO2 (yields 2 ATP) in the mitochondria

14. 3. Electron Transport System- occurs in the inner membranes of the mitochondria and produces 34 ATP –requires oxygen
Cyanide is an inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (also known as aa3) in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.)
It attaches to the iron within this protein. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen.
As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted, meaning that the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy.
Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite.

17. Therefore: 1 molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP
in Aerobic Cellular Respiration

18. Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6 H2O +38 ATP

19. Anaerobic Respiration- Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation-Muscle cells can use this for a short time to make ATP in the absence of necessary levels of oxygen. This is the reason muscles get sore after a workout.

20. Alcoholic Fermentation—yeast rely on this type of respiration
Wine and beer contain ethanol made during alcoholic fermentation by yeast

21. Both of these forms of anaerobic respiration only yield 2 ATP per molecule of glucose, so this type of respiration is very inefficient.