1. Chapter 1
Computer Hardware

2. BASIC FUNCTION OF COMPUTER
INPUT
OUTPUT
PROCESS
STORAGE

3. + + COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER COMPUTER SYSTEM _____________________
add hardware, software, and user = computer system
_____________________
COMPUTER SYSTEM

4. WHAT IS HARDWARE? Physical devices (aspect) of a computer
Computer hardware can be classified into two: CPU (Central Processing Unit) and Peripherals

5. X
Place a cpu and system unit

6. COMPUTER PERIPHERALS Input/output (I/O) devices
Usually electromechanical devices
Online devices vs offline devices

7. INPUT DEVICES

8. INPUT DEVICES
Allow the users to input data and instructions to the computer

9. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Keyboard
1875, Christopher Latham Sholes (father of typewriter) invented the first practical typewriter
QWERTY keyboard (enhanced) has 101 keys
Electronic typewriter keyboard

10. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Keyboard three types of key:
Alphanumeric keys
Punctuation keys
Special keys (alt, arrow/navigation, backspace, caps lock, ctrl, delete, enter, esc, function, insert, prt sc, home, end, page down, page up)

11. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Mouse
1963, Douglas Engelbert invented the mouse at Stanford Research Institute.
Small hand-held ‘point and click’ device.

12. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Three types of mouse:
Mechanical Mouse
Optomechanical Mouse
Optical Mouse
trackpoint

13. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Common terms used with mouse directions/actions:
Point (hover over)
Click
Double Click
Drag
Select

14. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Light pen
Consist of stylus connected by a cable to the computer

15. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Trackball
Originally built into keyboard
Use hand over the trackball to move the cursor on the screen

16. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Joystick
Small vertical stick attached to trackball for easier mechanical movements

17. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Scanner
Convert hardcopy to softcopy
Direct-entry input device

18. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Barcode Scanner
Uses optical scanner to read barcode and converts it into electrical pulses (or simply characters)

19. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Voice Recognition Systems
Special microphone used to capture voice as an input
Converts voice into electrical pulses to digital signals then transmission to a computer
Limited vocabulary of words (voice command)

20. EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Digital cameras
Used to capture images (digitally)

21. OUTPUT DEVICES

22. OUTPUT DEVICES
Display the result of the computer.

23. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES
Visual display unit or Monitor
Television-like screens that provide the user interface in the form of displaying text, numbers and images
Can be monochrome or colored

24. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES
Audio response system or Speaker
Can produce verbal output (sound)

25. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES
Printers
Produce hardcopy output.
Three broad groups of printers
Character printer, line printers, page printers
Classification of printers
Impact printers or non-impact printers

26. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES
CHARACTER PRINTER
Dot Matrix Printers (DMP)
Prints one character at a time
Produce dotted-output because of the pins on the print head
Speed is measured by CpS (Character per second) cps
Produces a lot of noise
Uses ribbon as an ink

27. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES
CHARACTER PRINTER
Inkjet Printer
Non-impact printer
Quiet when working
Gives better quality
Available in black/white and in color

28. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES
CHARACTER PRINTER
Graphic Plotter
Used for large format media.
Graphs, maps, billboards, tarpaulin

29. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES
LINE PRINTER
Drum printer
Uses powder as an ink
Available color: Grayscale

30. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES
PAGE PRINTER
Laser printer
High-end printer
More expensive than inkjet printers
Available color: Grayscale

31. EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES
PAGE PRINTER
Magnetic Printer
Drum coated with magnetic material that capture the image of the page to be printed
Use thermal papers

32. STORAGE DEVICES

33. PRIMARY MEMORY (MAIN MEMORY)
TYPES OF MEMORY
RAM (Random Access Memory)
Volatile loses its contents if the device is electrically disconnected
Temporary holding area for data, application program instructions and operating system (OS)
AKA “waiting room”

34. APPS
RAM
rapsa! ajejeje

35. RAM
WHERE IS RAM?

36. EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE)
Magnetic disk
Direct access
Made of rigid materials or symmetric plastic material
Hard disk and floppy disk

37. EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE)
Magnetic tape
Serial access storage medium
Reels up to 3600 feet made of mylar plastic tape
Can store large volume of data at low cost

38. EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE)
Optical Storage
Information is written to or write from an optical disk or tape using laser beam
Also known as “laser disk”
CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RW, DVD-R, Blu-ray

39. EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE DEVICE)
Solid state storage
Sometimes called flash memory
Erasable, re-writable
Flash drive (pen drive) and Memory card (SD/MMC)

40. PROCESSING UNIT (PU)

41. EXAMPLE OF PROCESSING UNIT
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Also known as Processor
Brain of the computer
Containing ALU (arithmetic logic unit) and control unit
Without the help of Chips (Chipset) the CPU is useless

42. EXAMPLE OF PROCESSING UNIT
GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
Used to managed and boost the performance of video and graphics
Its features are designed to lessen the work of CPU
Mobile phones, display adapters, workstation and game console
Developed by Nvidia in 1999 (GeForce 256)

43. INTERNAL COMPONENT

44. EXAMPLE OF INTERNAL COMPONENT
Motherboard
Main circuit board of a computer
Mainboard, system board, MOBO

45. INSIDE MOTHERBOARD CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)
On-board battery powered semiconductor chip
Prevent up-to-date your computer
Uses CMOS coin cell battery to power the CMOS memory

46. INSIDE MOTHERBOARD Expansion slots
Used to insert expansion card (circuit board) which provide additional features to a computer such as video, audio, Ethernet

47. INSIDE MOTHERBOARD AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
Based on PCI design for 3D
Developed by Intel

48. INSIDE MOTHERBOARD Memory Slots Memory Slot, Memory socket, RAM slot
Can be 2 or 4 memory slots depends on a motherboard

49. INSIDE MOTHERBOARD
Cooling Fan
Used for active cooling

50. INSIDE MOTHERBOARD Power Supply Power Supply Unit (PSU)
Component that supplies a power to a computer

51. INSIDE MOTHERBOARD
Ports
Physical docking point of an external device

52. COMPUTER SOFTWARE

53. MICROSOFT WORD 2013

54. NOTEPAD

55. COMMAND PROMPT (CMD)

56. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI) [gooey]

57. ICON and BUTTON
Miniature image that represents a program, an instruction or some other object.
ICON – double click
BUTTON – single click

58. 2 categories of software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
APPLICATION SOFTWARE

59. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Consist of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal task.

60. Types of application software
Spreadsheets
Data management
Word processing
Desktop publishing
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
Multimedia
Browsers

61. Browsers
Root word Browse
search

62. System software
Consist of programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices

63. 3 types of System software
System support Programs
Utility software
Utility program
Antivirus software
Worms, Trojan horse, Bot, Spyware
Backup software
Disk tools
System Development Programs
Compiler and Interpreter
System Management Programs
Operating system