1. 1300-1600 Religion Review Renaissance –
2. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements.
3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas.
5. Every society has developed some political system by which either the one, the few, or the many rule over others.
Religion Review
Review your Religion charts
What are the common themes found in these religions?
How may these religions lead to conflict?
Go to quiz page and take the religion quiz
Renaissance –
The Renaissance led to changes like the rebirth of humanism and the beginnings of questioning the existing order of religious and political power as well as development of modern science.
Use your notes and homework to complete a Revolution/War Snapshot
Reformation– challenging the Church
Based on your reading from homework, complete a Revolution/War Snapshot for the Reformation

2. Religions of the World
write some conclusions you can draw about religion, people, conflict, beliefs and geography
Are there similarities amongst these religions?
Do they necessarily have to conflict?

3. Religion review Name 3 monotheistic religions
Which religion(s) have multiple holy texts? Name the texts
Which religion(s) has no identified founder?
Which religion(s) believe in Karma?
Which religion(s) believe in heaven?
Which religion(s) focus primarily on living a virtuous life to create a harmonious society?

4. Religion review Name 3 monotheistic religions
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Which religion(s) have multiple holy texts? Name the texts
Hinduism – Puranas, Vedas, Buddhism - sutras
Which religion(s) has no identified founder?
Hinduism
Which religion(s) believe in Karma?
Buddhism
Which religion(s) believe in heaven
Islam, Christianity, Confucianism to some extent Judaism depending on interpretation
Which religion(s) focus primarily on living a virtuous life to create a harmonious society?
Confucianism

5. Day 5 – Renaissance and Reformation
Enduring Understandings
Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment interaction and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events.
A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements
Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas.
Essential Questions
Explain the key ideas that came out of the Renaissance and the effect these ideas had on exploration, religion, the scientific revolution and government and politics.
Explain how the Renaissance resulted from and expanded on the radical new idea of the individual “I”.
Activity
Use your notes and homework to complete a Revolution/War Snapshot
Further augment your Snapshot from the following lecture.
REnaissance
Day 5 – Renaissance and Reformation

6. The Renaissance
The Renaissance

7. REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS INDIVIDUALS can be great (FAME)
Focus on SECULAR ideas, not religious
Information for everyone, not just elite
HUMANISM - focus of scholars on human potential and achievement; studied the “humanities” – history, literature, philosophy

8. B. New Writing Writing to be famous How to govern, behave
Machiavelli – first political scientist
The Prince may very well have been satire
Famous Quotes:
“The end justifies the means.”
It is “much safer to be feared than loved”’.
“A ruler must be both a lion and a fox.”

9. RESULTS Widespread communication Greater availability of books
Short-Term
Long-Term
Widespread communication
People begin to question political structures/ religious practices
Individuals take greater control over their own lives
Greater availability of books
Changes in art/writing styles
Published laws, maps, social codes, BIBLES

10. Renaissance Renaissance Overview
Rebirth of learning and education, art and architecture, modern politics & economics
Began in Northern Italy
Reasons behind Northern Italy
Urbanism
Overseas trade led to large city-states but most of Europe still rural
People came to cities to spread/learn new ideas

12. Renaissance Reasons behind Northern Italy (cont.) Wealthy merchants
Dominated politics
Had to earn their wealth and power
Showed their wealth and power by funding the arts
Greek and Roman Heritage
Used as model for the arts
Scholars studied Latin manuscripts and literature
Pope’s power declined
England and France at war

13. Renaissance Renaissance Mentality Patrons of the Arts
Humanism—focus of scholars on human potential and achievement; studied the “humanities” – history, literature, philosophy
Enjoyment of World Pleasures
You do not need to sacrifice to please God
People began to wear fine clothing and enjoy fine foods and music
Society became more secular (non-religious)
Patrons of Arts
Patrons of the Arts
Popes and merchants became patrons (sponsors) of the arts

14. Renaissance Renaissance Mentality (cont.) Renaissance Man
Men were expected to create art and master all areas of study
Men that excelled in these areas were called a “Universal man” or “Renaissance Man”

15. Baldassare Castiglione’s The Courtier
Let the man we are seeking be very bold, stern, and always among the first, where the enemy are to be seen; and in every other place, gentle, modest, reserved, above all things avoiding ostentation {showiness} and that impudent {bold} self praise by which men ever excite hatred and disgust in all who hear them.
What is he saying here?
If you wanted to hire a man like this, what would the “Want Ad” say?

16. The personal ad for him would read…
Looking for a man who is charming, witty, and well educated in the classics. He must be able to dance, sing, play music, write poetry, ride horses well, wrestle, and be a fine swordsman. He must be brave in battle yet humble outside of battle.

17. Renaissance Renaissance Mentality (cont.) The Renaissance Woman
Upper class women should also know the classics and be charming but not seek fame
Should inspire art but not create it and have little influence on politics

18. What values can we extracted from the pictures below?

19. Renaissance Art Medieval Art Renaissance Art Religious subjects
Two-dimensional
Created “ideal” people
Religious and secular subjects
Realistic portrayal of individual

20. Renaissance Art New Techniques Perspective Creates a 3-D appearance
Parallel lines move towards a focal point on the horizon to create dimension
Objects get smaller as farther back.
Where is the focal point in this work?

21. Renaissance Art New Techniques (cont.) Pyramid Configuration
Symmetrical composition draws your focus to center of work for climax/focal point
Chiaroscuro
The contrast of light and dark are used to create dimension
Fresco
Painting on wet plaster

22. Renaissance Art From Creation Panel of Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel
CHIAROSCURO
The Last Judgment by Michelangelo FRESCO
Mona Lisa by Da Vinci PYRAMID CONFIGURATION

23. Renaissance Art
MICHAELANGELO
Pieta , 1499
David, 1504

24. MICHAELANGELO: SISTINE CHAPEL
Renaissance Art
MICHAELANGELO: SISTINE CHAPEL

25. Renaissance Art
LEONARDO Da VINCI
Mona Lisa, 1504
Vitruvian Man, 1485

26. Renaissance Art
The Last Supper 1498

27. Renaissance Art
Flying Machine, 1488

28. The Wedding of the Virgin
Renaissance Art
RAPHAEL
School of Athens
The Wedding of the Virgin

29. Renaissance Art
BOTTICELLI
The Birth Venus

30. Giovanni Arnolfini and his Bride
Renaissance Art
JAN VAN EYCK
Giovanni Arnolfini and his Bride

31. Renaissance Literature and Politics
Niccolo Machiavelli
An Italian political philosopher
Wrote The Prince in 1513
While somewhat controversial, his political philosophy is still studied and used often in today’s world
“The end justifies the means.”
“… there are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force: the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second…”

32. Petrarch, Boccaccio and expansion of literature
Petrarch – often referred to as father of humanism
Promoted writing as an important means of communication
Promoted humanism – that humans are the centered of the earth and have potential and reconciled Classics with Christianity
Wrote hundreds of poems and letters that were published throughout Europe - This spread literacy throughout Europe
Boccaccio -
Wrote stories that illustrated human existence using satire and sarcasm
His stories showed the frailties and foibles of humans.

33. Renaissance: Northern
Northern Renaissance
Spreads to England, France, Germany, and Flanders
Why?
France and England involved in 100 Years War (ended 1453)
Plague in northern Europe lasted longer
Difference?
More religious in nature than Italian art (less inspired by Greece and Rome)

34. Renaissance Outcomes of Renaissance Strong sense of individualism
Increase in secularism
Look for answers beyond The Church
Sciences
Other religious ideas
Higher literacy rate
Emergence of materialism
Higher standards of living

35. Day 5 – Reformation and Scientific Revolution
Enduring Understandings
Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment interaction and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events.
A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements
Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas.
Essential Question
Explain how the Reformation resulted from and expanded on the radical new idea of the individual “I” and then affected European politics and science.
Activity
Use your notes and homework to complete a Revolution/War Snapshot
Reformation
Day 5 – Reformation and Scientific Revolution

36. The RFORMATION
The Reformation

37. CAUSES An attempt to reform a corrupt Catholic Church
Short-Term
Long-Term
An attempt to reform a corrupt Catholic Church
Teaching and sales of indulgences
Sparked when Martin Luther published the Ninety-Five Theses
Corruption in all levels of the church
Poor education of clergy
Clergy up to pope focused on worldly pursuits rather than just religion
Resistance to taxation by the newly secular merchant class and aristocracy

38. REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
Individuals can have a personal relationship with God – they don’t need priests
VERNACULAR prayers, services and bible (Guttenberg’s printing press helps)
No holy relics and churches have a lot less hierarchy

39. IMPORTANT… Martin Luther King Henry VIII John Calvin
People
Dates/Events
Martin Luther
King Henry VIII
John Calvin
John Knox (Presbyterianism)
1455: Gutenberg Bible published
1517 Luther’s 95 Theses
1532: King Henry VIII creates Anglicanism
Wars of Religion

40. IMPORTANT… 95 Theses some prohibitions of music Shakespeare
Literature/Art/Music
Political/Social/
Economic Changes
95 Theses
some prohibitions of music
Shakespeare
Personal God
Vernacular religious language
Questioning traditional institutions

42. RESULTS
Short-Term
Long-Term
New religions (in particular, Calvinism and other Protestant sects) effectively forbade wastefully using hard earned money and identified the purchase of luxuries a sin
Weakened the Catholic Church and promoted new states’ powers outside of religion
Break up of parts of HRE
Luther is tried, convicted, excommunicated, and the HRE issues the Edict of Worms
German Princes break from HRE
German Peasant Revolt
Led to series of religious wars
Catholic Church Counter- Reformation
Published laws, maps, social codes, BIBLES

43. Layout of European Christendom
effects

44. Reformation Martin Luther
Nailed Ninety-Five Theses to door of All Saint’s Church (maybe not)
Theses criticized Catholic Church and Pope but concentrated on:
Selling of indulgences
Doctrinal policies about purgatory, particular judgment, devotion to Mary and the saints, most of the sacraments, & clerical celibacy
Several reformists followed his lead with help of the printing press
Figure 1: The guy we’re talking about
Figure 2: Not the guy we’re talking about

45. Reformation spreads
Luther’s reform call leads peasants to revolt against abuse and corruption in their churches and the princes who were connected to the church.
Luther does not support the peasants – is appalled at their attempt to change the social order
Princes massacre the peasants, with Luther’s blessing – 100,000 killed

47. Henry VII: Six wives whom he beheaded!
Reformation
Reformation Outside Germany
Henry VIII (England)
Henry VIII desire for a male heir and divorce prompted the creation of Church of England
Marriage to Catherine of Aragon produced female heir (Mary I)
Religious changes slower in England than elsewhere middle way between Roman Catholic Church & Protestant Traditions
Henry VII: Six wives whom he beheaded!

48. Reformation Reformation Outside of Germany Elizabeth I (England)
Supported establishment of Protestant English Church
Governed on consensus (agreement)
Reign became known as the Elizabethan Era
“Virgin” Queen

49. Reformation Reformation Outside Germany
John Calvin and Calvinism (Switzerland)
French theologian that believed people were always combating evil and religion was guidance to fight one’s tendency toward sin
Other beliefs include:
Theocracy—elect those God has chosen for salvation
Predestination/Predetermined Salvation—”God adopts some to the hope of life and adjudges others to eternal death”

50. Reformation Reformation Outside Germany
John Knox and Presbyterianism (Scotland)
Modified Calvin’s theocracy
Beliefs include:
Sovereignty of God
Authority of scriptures
Importance of grace through faith in Christ
Presbyterianism becomes national religion of Scotland

51. The Catholic Counter-Reformation – The Council of Trent (1545-1563
Jesuits under Ignatious of Loyola present some church reforms like building schools, gaining new converts and fighting against protestants
At the Council of Trent, 3 different Popes defined Church teachings and opposed protestants in the areas of:
Scripture and Tradition
Original Sin, Justification,
Sacraments,
the Eucharist in Holy Mass and
the veneration of saints but mostly just reaffirm Church doctrine

55. Reformation Effects of Reformation
Led to series of religious wars that culminated (ended) in the Thirty Years’ War that ended with the Peace of Westphalia
New religions (in particular, Calvinism and other Protestant sects) effectively forbade wastefully using hard earned money and identified the purchase of luxuries a sin
Weakened the Catholic Church and promoted new states’ powers outside of religion

56. Test your skills…
Europe Map Game