1. Enzymes We Love, Fear and Take for Granted

2. One Enzyme To Love

3. Galactosidase

4. Stachyose: A sugar found in many foods
Beans
Vegetables
Fruits
Soy Products

5. Stachyose: Break it down!
----ose = means it is a sugar
Stachyose is a complex sugar made of fructose, glucose and galactose
Stomach enzymes can break down the fructose but the rest of the molecule moves to our intestines

6. Bacterial Enzymes and Fermentation
We rely on bacteria in our intestines to break down the remaining sugar molecule so we can absorb it into our bloodstream and use it.
This process is fermentation
Fermentation causes GAS!!!

7. Antiobtics Antibiotics can destroy the bacteria in our intestines
Absorption of necessary nutrients does not happen efficiently
Discomfort and incomplete digestion occurs
Antibiotics also interfere with birth control medications

8. Beano to the Rescue!!!
Beano contains an Enzyme “galactosidase” which acts on the bonds in galactose sugars,
It hydrolyzes (breaks down) the remaining sugars in our stomachs before it goes to our intestines.

9. When is a good time to take Beano?
If you take “Beano” before you eat, the enzymes will be ready in your stomach to break down the sugars and reduce the possibility of having intestinal gas.

10. One Enzyme To Fear

11. Phospholipase

12. Venom Containing Phospholipase
The Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake
The Indian Cobra

13. Phospholipase A2
Phospholipase is an enzyme that acts on phospholipids.
When this enzyme acts on fatty acids, it produces lysolecithin which acts like a detergent .

14. Lysolecithin
This detergent-like by-product dissolves the (phospholipid bilayer) membrane of red blood cells
Several thousand people die each year as a result of snake bites.

15. Enzymes We Take For Granted

16. We can’t use our food without enzymes!
Digestive Enzymes
We can’t use our food without enzymes!

17. Digestive Enzymes
Amylase: enzyme in our saliva and also secreted by the pancreas to breaks down carbohydrates

18. Digestive Enzymes
Lipase: Breaks down lipids like fats and oils in our diet.

19. Digestive Enzymes
Proteases: (Trypsin and Chymotryosin) break down proteins into amino acids that can be absorbed and used by our bodies.

20. Phenylalanine Hydroxalase
This enzyme converts the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine.
Without this enzyme Phenalanine builds up and can cause brain damage leading to intellectual impairment and seizures

21. Birth Anomaly
Some children are born without the necessary enzyme and must continually monitor their diet.
No aspartame because it contains phenylalanine.

23. How Enzymes Work The enzyme reacts with a substrate.
Enzymes can be used over and over.
It speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy.

24. How Enzymes Work
4. The active site is where the substrate can bind for the reaction to take place. 5. Enzymes will only work with a certain substrate that will fit the active site. 6. Without enzymes reactions like digestion and energy production would take too long.