1. ECO-RCC Steering Committee Meeting, 15 February 2017, Ankara
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Food Security Overview of the Economic Cooperation Organization member countries in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
ECO-RCC Steering Committee Meeting, 15 February 2017, Ankara

2. Outline Overview of food security in ECO region in the context of SDGs
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Outline
Overview of food security in ECO region in the context of SDGs
Definition of food security
Food security in the context of SDGs
Overview of food security in region
Ways forward
Publication of the results
Updating the Regional Programme for Food Security (RPFS)

3. Overview of food security in ECO region in the context of SDGs
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Overview of food security in ECO region in the context of SDGs
Before reviewing the results,

4. Definition of food security
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Definition of food security
A situation in which all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (World Food Summit, 1996)

5. Definition of food security
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Definition of food security
food availability: supplies, markets
household access to food, livelihoods
food utilization (use, consumption, nutrition)
+ Stability of food security

6. Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Food security in SDGs
193 Member States of the United Nations adopted the SDGs.
It includes 17 Goals that will guide the actions of governments, international agencies, civil society and other institutions over the next 15 years
The 2030 Agenda is as relevant to developed countries as it is to developing nations.

7. Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Food security in SDGs
Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture
Targets
2.1 End hunger and ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round
2.2 End all forms of malnutrition
2.3 Double the agricultural productivity and the incomes of small-scale food producers
2.4 Ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices
2.5 Maintain genetic diversity
2.a Increase investment to enhance agricultural productive capacity
2.b.Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets
2.c. Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives, and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility.

8. Overview of food security in the region
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Overview of food security in the region
DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION

9. Overview of food security in the region
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Overview of food security in the region
Food security dimension
SDG Indicator number
Indicator
Source
Access
2.1.1
Prevalence of undernourishment
FAOSTAT
Proportion of household expenditures devoted to food items
World Bank Global Consumption Database
 (2.c)
Market prices of wheat flour
FAO GIEWS
Utilization
2.2.1
Prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years of age
Official statistics (Demographic and Health Survey, MICS etc.)
2.2.2
Prevalence of wasting among children under 5 years of age
Prevalence of overweight among children under 5 years of age
(2.2)
Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women
Availability
(2.3)
Average dietary energy supply adequacy
Share of dietary energy supply derived from cereals, roots and tubers
Stability
Dependency on imports for meeting domestic cereal consumption requirements
(2.4)
Climate risk index
Global Climate Index (Germanwatch, 2016)

10. Overview of food security in the region
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Overview of food security in the region
Food security dimension
SDG Target
Indicators
Food access
2.1
Prevalence of undernourishment
Undernourishment: A person is not able to acquire enough food to meet the daily minimum dietary energy requirements.
Almost all member countries have made progress in reducing the undernourishment.
Overall, the progress in member countries in Southern Asia is slower than Central Asia and Caucasus.

11. Overview of food security in the region
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Overview of food security in the region
Food security dimension
SDG Target
Indicators
Food access
2.c
Market prices of wheat flour
Price spikes in international food markets in 2007/8 and 2010/11 came as major shocks to the ECO member countries, particularly Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan.
The prices have been relatively stable since 2013, but most of member countries remain vulnerable to international price hike due to a structural deficit in food production and a high proportion of household budgets on food.

12. Overview of food security in the region
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Overview of food security in the region
Food security dimension
SDG Target
Indicators
Food utilization
2.2
Prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years of age
Stunting in children often results from poor quality diets in terms of variety and nutrient content.
Stunting in childhood has long-term consequences that affect human capital development.
Many of the member countries have made substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of stunting.
Five out of eight member countries which had relevant data are on course to meet the global targets .
However, the prevalence of stunting in some countries remains ‘medium’ to ‘high’ level by WHO cut-offs.

13. Overview of food security in the region
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Overview of food security in the region
Food security dimension
SDG Target
Indicators
Food utilization
2.2
Prevalence of overweight among children under 5 years of age
Overweight is usually the result of excessive consumption of highly calorific foods due to unhealthy dietary habits.
Overweight children are at higher risk of developing serious health problems.
In contrast to stunting, the prevalence of overweight has risen in nearly every country since mid-1990.
In most countries, the prevalence of overweight exceeds or is approaching the prevalence of stunting.
Rapid increase in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkey.

14. Overview of food security in the region
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Overview of food security in the region
Food security dimension
SDG Target
Indicators
Food availability
(2.3)
Average dietary energy supply adequacy
All member countries have already attained a high level of dietary energy supply.
Almost all member countries achieved dietary energy supply above 2500 kcal/person/day, well above the minimum daily recommended requirement.
Food availability is not a major concern in most countries.
However, climate change, land degradation, water shortage are growing source of vulnerability and uncertainty for the continuation of the positive trend on food supply.
100%

15. Overview of food security in the region
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Overview of food security in the region
Food security dimension
SDG Target
Indicators
Food availability
(2.3)
Share of dietary energy supply derived from cereals, roots and tubers
The share of dietary energy derived from cereals, roots and tubers has declined significantly in Kazakhstan, Iran and Turkey.
However, the change was small in other member countries, indicating that the typical food consumption pattern in most countries is characterized by a relatively high consumption of wheat and potatoes.
An unvaried, monotonous dietary pattern may undermine the nutritional status of individuals.
Per capita fish supply is low in all member countries except in Iran, Kazakhstan and Turkey.
The supply of meat has reduced recent years in Afghanistan and Kyrgyzstan.

16. Overview of food security in the region
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Overview of food security in the region
Food security dimension
SDG Target
Indicators
Stability of food security
Dependency on imports for meeting domestic cereal consumption requirements
The dependency on imports for meeting domestic cereal consumption requirements declined in almost all countries except in Iran and Afghanistan
However, it is estimated that more than 20 percent of domestic cereal consumption are met by import in almost all member countries except Turkey, Kazakhstan and Pakistan. This is significantly higher than other countries in Asia and Europe.
Most countries in the region have government- owned strategic food reserves to meet emergency needs and to ensure food price stability.
Governments of major producer countries such as Turkey and Kazakhstan maintain stable level of cereal stock for the last several years

17. Overview of food security in the region
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Overview of food security in the region
Food security dimension
SDG Target
Indicators
Stability of food security
Climate risk index
The Climate Risk Index (CRI) indicates a level of exposure and vulnerability to extreme events such as storms, floods, heat waves etc.
According to the CRI, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan are the countries most affected by extreme whether events between 1996 and 2015.
The occurrence of extreme events could increase in the future due to climate change

18. Regional characteristics of vulnerability to food insecurity
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Regional characteristics of vulnerability to food insecurity
In Central Asian countries, Turkey and Iran, food insecurity in the sense of food availability per person is not as important an issue as it once was in the region.
However, climate related risks, degradation of agricultural land and water shortages are growing threats to food supply in the region.
The analysis of food price volatility shows high vulnerability of domestic market to global price shocks, leaving low income households in the regional vulnerable to food insecurity.
Increasing prevalence of overweight, high level of child stunting in some member countries suggest that attention must be paid to not only the quantity of food supply, but also quality of food consumption. The dietary pattern in most countries is characterized by a high consumption of wheat and potatoes.

19. Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Ways forward

20. Publication of the results
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Publication of the results
The analysis of the food security situation has not been carried out particularly in the context of the SDGs
The analysis of food security from the SDG perspective for a more evidence- based programming (which donors appreciate)
ECO-RCC and FAO will finalize the document and disseminate in mid-2017
DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION

21. Updating the Regional Programme for Food Security (RPFS)
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Updating the Regional Programme for Food Security (RPFS)
FS analysis
Recommendations
Updated Programme
New RFSP
Joint ECO-RCC and FAO publication (mid-2017)
Recommendations for regional programme, consulted with ECO-RCC Steering Committee (end-2017)
Update the Regional Programme for Food Security (2018)
Raise awareness among donors for funding opportunities (2018-)
Regional Programme for Food Security (2008)

22. Thank you for your attention
Food Security Overview of the ECO member countries
Thank you for your attention