2. SECTION 1 Elements of Geography SECTION 2 Land, Water, and Climate
CHAPTER FOCUS
SECTION 1 Elements of Geography
SECTION 2 Land, Water, and Climate
SECTION 3 Natural Resources
SECTION 4 Legends
SECTION 5 Archaeology
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Contents

3. Overview
Chapter 1 links the five themes of geography to the study of the earth. It also shows how legends and archaeology help historians learn about the past. 
Section 1 describes the five themes of geography. 
Section 2 discusses the kinds of landforms, waterways, and climates found on the earth. 
Section 3 describes the natural resources on the earth.
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Chapter Focus 1

4. Overview (cont.)
Section 4 explains how legends have been used to obtain clues to the past. 
Section 5 examines the importance of archaeology.
Chapter Focus 1

5. Objectives After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
describe how the five themes geographers use to help explain what a place is like and why. 
explain how landforms, waterways, climate, and natural resources have shaped history. 
discuss why legends are important to the study of history. 
summarize how archaeology helps scientists learn about ancient civilizations.
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Chapter Focus 2

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Why It’s Important
Many scientists believe that people have been living on the earth for more than 2 million years. Where and how they lived was influenced greatly by the kind of land on which they lived. In many ways, the relationship between people and their environment has been the center of world history.
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Chapter Focus 4

7. End of Chapter Focus

8. Objective 1 – Five Themes of Geography
Geography is the study of the earth and the ways people live and work on it. 
helps to explain: 
why people live the way they do. 
the past by answering questions about why certain events occurred where they did. 
Geographers use five essential elements to explain what a place is like and why it is like that. 
Section 1-1

9. 1. LOCATION
Geographers first look at where a place is located. Location helps answer the question “Where is it?” 
Two types of location: absolute and relative. 
Absolute location refers to the exact location of a place on the earth’s surface. Example - Ms. E is in her room at her desk
Relative location refers to the position of a place in relation to other places.
Example – Ms. E is in Oshkosh, which is south of Neenah 
Section 1-2

10. 2. Places Geographers also look at places 
Places are described by their: 
physical characteristics - climate, mountains, deserts, bodies of water, plants, and animals. 
human characteristics - how many people live in a place, what language they speak, and what they do for a living. 
Section 1-3

11. 3. Human/Environment Interaction
human/environment interaction - how and why people change their surroundings. 
Respond to environment in different ways. 
adapt - adjust to it. 
modify - change the environment. 
Section 1-8

12. 4. Movement
An important theme in geography is the continual movement of goods, people, and ideas. 
Transportation–the movement of goods–allows people to use products made in places thousands of miles away. 
Communication–the movement of ideas and information–allows people to see or hear what is happening in their community or in another part of the world. 
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Section 1-7

13. 5. Regions
To make sense of all the complex things in the world, geographers group places into regions. 
Regions are areas that share one or more common characteristics. 
human features - religion practiced, the language spoken, or their jobs 
physical features - kind of land found there. 
physical systems–volcanoes, glaciers, and hurricanes 
Section 1-4

14. 5. Regions (cont.)  ecosystems - communities of plants and animals 
boundary lines - divide countries and states 
Section 1-5

15. End of Section 1