1. KS4 Energy resources

2. Sources of energy
What are the sources for most of the energy on Earth?
1. The vast majority of the energy resources on Earth can trace their energy back to the Sun.
2. The Moon is another source of energy.
3. Radioactive elements made in Supernova explosions are another source of energy.

3. Types of energy resource
There are two types of energy resource:
____________
Renewable
Non-renewable
Renewable energy resources will never run out (at least not for a very long time), or can be regenerated.
Examples: W___ and S___.
ind
olar
Non-renewable energy resources will eventually run out, once used they can not be used again.
Examples: C___ and O_.
oal il

4. Energy resources Renewable Non-renewable Wind Coal Solar Oil Wave
Natural gas
Tidal
Nuclear
Hydroelectric
Biomass
Geothermal

5. A fuel is a store of chemical energy.
Fossil fuels
What is a fuel?
A fuel is a store of chemical energy.
What is a fossil fuel?
A fossil fuel is a fuel formed from the remains of animals and plants over millions of years.
Name three fossil fuels:
1.___________
2.___________
3.___________
Coal
Oil
Natural gas

6. How was coal formed? Over time they became covered by mud and rock.
….the trees became fossilised forming coal.
Over millions of years due to high temperatures and pressure…..
Millions of years ago trees died and fell to the bottom of swamps.

7. How was oil and natural gas formed?
Over time they became covered by mud and rock.
….the plankton became oil and natural gas.
Over millions of years due to high temperatures and pressure…..
Millions of years ago plankton died and fell to the bottom of seas and oceans.

8. Burning causes pollution
burn in oxygen
Heat energy
Ash
Carbon dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
The heat energy is useful, however……..
Ash is a waste product which needs to be disposed.
Carbon dioxide causes the Greenhouse Effect.
Sulphur dioxide causes Acid Rain.

9. Carbon dioxide
When you burn a fossil fuel what gas is formed from the burning of carbon?
Carbon dioxide
CO2
What is the chemical formula of this compound?
What environmental problem does this gas cause us?
The Greenhouse Effect
Which renewable energy source also causes this effect?
Biomass

10. The Greenhouse Effect
The Earth’s atmosphere allows the Sun’s radiation to enter.
But the radiation cannot easily escape as the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reflects it back to Earth.

11. Flooding
C_____ d_____ is a greenhouse gas, it lets the Sun’s heat energy into the Earth’s a________ but it will not let it escape.
This results in the Earth getting w_____. We call this effect the Greenhouse Effect. G____ W____ results in the icecaps melting which could lead to f______, the temperature rises and the flooding could lead to the destruction of h______.
arbon ioxide
tmosphere
armer
lobal arming
looding
abitats

12. What are the problems caused by acid rain?
Burning fossil fuels containing sulphur/sodium causes sulphur dioxide/sulphur monoxide to be formed. This gas is released by power stations and mixes with water/alkali in the atmosphere to form acid rain.
Sulphur in coal
Sulphur dioxide
Acid Rain
combustion
mixed with water
What are the problems caused by acid rain?

13. Acid Rain problems What are the problems acid rain causes? kills trees
corrodes buildings and statues
kills water life
acidifies soil
How can we reduce the problems caused by acid rain?

14. Reducing acid rain    
Sulphur dioxide causes most of the acid rain (sulphuric acid), but carbon dioxide when mixed with water in the atmosphere can cause acid rain (carbonic acid) as well.
Ways to reduce Acid Rain ( or x):
Burn less fossil fuels.
Burn more coal.
Use wind or solar energy.
Fit expensive filters that remove sulphur dioxide.
Use expensive coal that contains little sulphur.  x   

15. Fossil fuels pros and cons
Advantages
Disadvantages
Readily available
Non-renewable
Easily transported
Acid rain
Therefore cheap
Greenhouse effect

16. How long will it last? (years)
How long will they last?
Fuel
How long will it last? (years)
Natural gas
Oil
Coal
Nuclear
25-30
About 75
About 300
Thousands
Even though nuclear fuel will last thousands of year it will still run out eventually.
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear

17. Nuclear energy What fuels are used in nuclear power stations?
What process releases the nuclear energy?
What are the main advantages of nuclear power?
Uranium and plutonium
Nuclear fission
A large amount of energy for a small amount of fuel, no acid rain, no greenhouse effect, cheap to run once built.

18. What are the disadvantages of nuclear power?
Chernobyl
Expensive to build
Expensive to decommission
Radioactive waste
Links with cancer
Large amounts of water required for cooling purposes kills water life
Non-renewable
Risk of disaster

19. Fossil fuel power stations
Power stations convert c______ energy into e______ energy.
hemical
lectrical
Name three different parts of a power station?
________
turbine
boiler
generator
In what order does energy pass through a power station?
Boiler
Generator
Turbine

20. Parts of power station Device Description Input energy Output energy
Boiler
Turbine
Generator
Burns fuel to change water into steam
chemical
heat
Steam turns the turbine
heat
kinetic
Turbine connected to generator makes electricity
kinetic
electrical
in the turbines
Where is most of the energy lost?
In what form is the energy lost?
heat energy

21. Nuclear power stations
Nuclear power stations have an extra part: _______
reactor
What are the different parts of a nuclear power station called?
_______ _______ _______ _______
turbine
boiler
generator
reactor
In what order does energy pass through a power station?
Boiler
Generator
Reactor
Turbine
What happens in the reactor?
Nuclear fission occurs releasing vast amounts of energy.

22. Which gas below causes acid rain?
Sulphur dioxide
Ammonia
Oxygen
Nitrogen 

23. What gas causes the Greenhouse Effect?
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide
Sulphur monoxide 

24. What is the energy change for a turbine?
Kinetic  gravitational
Chemical  kinetic
Kinetic  electrical
Heat  Kinetic 

25. Which of the following is a fuel used in nuclear power stations?
Coal
Oil
Geothermal
Uranium 

26. Which of the following is not a problem associated with acid rain?
Corrodes buildings and statues
Kills trees
Raises global temperatures
Kills water life 