1. The BIG FOUR!

2. Organic Compounds
Protein
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids

3. All organic compounds :
Have carbon as their core structure
Contain hydrogen, oxygen and a few other atoms
Are considered Macromolecules
(Polymers = monomer + monomer + monomer)

4. Polymer - Monomer Protein Amino Acids Nucleic Acids Nucleotides
Carbohydrates Glucose
Lipids Glycerol + Fatty Acids

5. Protein Building blocks are Amino Acids There are only 20 Amino Acids
They all have the same basic blueprint:
1. Central carbon
2. Amine Group
3. Carboxyl Acid
4. Single Hydrogen Atom
5. R-group (consists of different arrangements of atoms)

6. A Typical Amino Acid

10. Dehydration Synthesis
Carboxyl acid of one Amino Acid bonds to the Amine group of the next Amino Acid.
A Peptide Bond forms
Loss of water = Dehydration

11. Draw the Dehydration Synthesis of 2 Glycine molecules
The product is called a “Dipeptide Molecule”

12. …as the chain gets longer….
More than 2 amino acids = Polypeptide
More than 200 amino acids = Protein

14. Functions of Protein Structural molecule Enzymes Hormones Antibodies
Passive and Active channels in the Plasma Membrane

15. Shapes of Protein 1. Primary – linear arrangement of amino acids
N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C

16. Shapes of Protein
2. Secondary – helix or folded arrangement

17. Shapes of Protein
3. Tertiary – 3-D shape caused by the interaction of amino acids with large r-groups

18. Shapes of Protein
4. Quaternary – multiple polypeptides with 3-D shape

19. Organic Compound Review
All organic compounds have __________ as their core element.
Large molecules made up of repeating units are called __________.
The building blocks of organic compounds are called __________.
All 20 amino acids have the same structural blueprint; a central __________, an __________ group, a __________ acid group, a single ___________ and an _____________.
The simplest amino acid is called ___________.
Amino acids link together in a process called ________________.
Amino acids are linked by a special covalent bond called a ____________.
The first amino acid set down in every protein is _____________.
Five important functions of my favorite organic compound are _____________, _________________, ________________, ________________, and ______________________________.
Protein are found in 4 shapes: ________________, ___________________, ______________________ and _____________________.

20. Organic Compound Review
All organic compounds have Carbon as their core element.
Large molecules made up of repeating units are called Polymers.
The building blocks of organic compounds are called Monomers.
All 20 amino acids have the same structural blueprint; a central Carbon, an Amine group, a Carboxyl acid group, a single Hydrogen and an R-group.
The simplest amino acid is called Glycine.
Amino acids link together in a process called Dehydration Synthesis.
Amino acids are linked by a special covalent bond called a Peptide.
The first amino acid set down in every protein is Methionine.
Five important functions of my favorite organic compound are Structural, Hormones, Enzymes, Antibodies and Carrier Protein.
Protein are found in 4 shapes: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary.

21. Factors that may alter the shape of Protein
Temperature
Changes in pH
Protein Structure
Denaturation – temporary change in shape
Coagulation – permanent change in shape

22. Enzymes
Are Organic Catalysts that control the speed of chemical reactions in cells
Only function in one chemical reaction
Are unaffected by the reaction, so they can be used over again.
If the shape of the enzyme changes, the enzyme can’t do it’s job.
Reduce the activation energy needed to start the reaction

23. Anabolic and Catabolic Reactions

24. Enzymes
Enzyme activity
Shockwave
Lock and Key Principle

25. Anabolic Reactions

26. Catabolic Reactions