1. Malcolm X and the Black Panther Movement

2. Race riots in the 60’s
The 1960’s, despite the anti-segregation legislation, there is a continuation of racial conflicts
Issues with cultural segregation (de facto segregation) continued to plague African Americans

3. Rise of Malcolm X
Malcolm X rose to prominence with the rising tensions
Malcolm stood for a different view of protest as compared to MLK Jr
Malcolm X believed in African Americans defending themselves from violence, with force

4. Malcolm’s Life
Malcolm X was arrested as a young man and found salvation through Islam
Malcolm shed his previous identity (Malcolm Little) and gained his Islamic title (el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz) and became an active member of the Nation of Islam
Malcolm preached to his following the following values:
White society and governement was to blame for the plight of minorities in America
Blacks should not be segregated but chose to separate into their own society within America and defend that society
Have cultural pride of being black in America
Self defense is a right and a crucial part of

5. A change in discourse
Malcolm X will take a pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia
During his time there, his message changed
He adopted a view very much like MLK
His change of tactics and his blatant calling out of Elijah Muhammad will lead to his assassination on February 21, 1965

6. Black power and the black panthers
Stokely Czarmichael will popularize the ideology of “Black Power”
This is the ideology that blacks across America should begin to define their own goals and culture
That the black culture in America had value and that the white government could not mandate it
In Oakland CA there is the foundation of the Black Panthers
Political/activist group focused on the protection of rights of blacks in ghettos
Pushed back to mandated military service (Due to the proportionately high numbers of blacks drafted into Vietnam)
They fought police brutality by patrolling streets
Established day cares, free breakfast programs, free medical clinics, and assistance to homeless and veterans.