1. Chapter 21
Alcohol

2. Chapter 21 Vocabulary
Alcoholism – the state of being psychologically and physically addicted to alcohol
Ethanol – the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages
Fermentation – the chemical action of yeast on sugars
Hepatitis – inflammation of the liver
Cirrhosis – a condition in which healthy liver cells are replaced by scar tissue
Intoxication – being affected by alcohol
Withdrawal – the process of discontinuing a drug to which the body has become addicted
Depressant – a drug that slows the central nervous system

3. Chapter 21 Vocabulary
Fetal alcohol syndrome – a series of birth defects that can occur if a woman drinks during pregnancy
Blood alcohol level of .02 – in most states, drivers under 21 are considered intoxicated at this level
BAL of .321 – could cause coma and/or death
Intoxication – the state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance, and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced
Blackout – a loss of memory due to too much drinking
Binge – a drinking spree
Blood alcohol level (BAL) – the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage
12 steps – Alcoholics anonymous recovery method

4. Chapter 21 Vocabulary
Alcohol poisoning – a severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose
Psychological dependence – a condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally
Physiological dependence – a condition in which the user has a chemical need for a drug
Alcohol abuse – the excessive use of alcohol
Alcoholic – an addict who is dependent on alcohol
Recovery – the process of learning to live an alcohol-free life
Sobriety – living without alcohol

5. Warm-up
What do you think are some health consequences of alcohol addiction?
After warm-up complete chapter 16 vocabulary

6. 21.1 Alcohol
Alcohol or ethanol which is the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverage is a powerful and addictive drug
Alcohol kills thousands of people every year and addicts millions more
It tears families apart and is involved in over half the violent crimes committed in the U.S
Alcohol is an illegal drug for people under 21
In 1994 over 6,000 people died in auto collisions in which teens were driving
Alcohol is dangerous because it changes the way that your body functions
These changes are unhealthy and can be very dangerous

7. 21.1 Short-term Effects of Alcohol
Alcohol is a depressant which slows the central nervous system
Alcohol slows reaction time, impairs vision, and diminishes judgement
Too much alcohol leads to intoxication
Alcohol stays in a person’s system until the liver can metabolize it, or break it down
The amount of alcohol that can cause intoxication varies from person to person

8. 21.1 Short-term Effects of Alcohol
Factors that influence alcohol’s effects:
Body size – a smaller person feels the effects of the same amount of alcohol faster than a larger person does
Gender – Alcohol generally moves into the bloodstream faster in females, because females tend to have smaller bodies
Food – Food in the stomach slows the passage of alcohol into the bloodstream
Rate of intake – If a person drinks alcohol faster than the liver can break it down, the person becomes intoxicated
Amount – As the amount of alcohol consumed increases, the level of alcohol in the bloodstream rises
Medicine – Alcohol can interfere with the effects of medicines and medicines can heighten the effects of alcohol

9. Short and Long-term Effects of Alcohol

10. 21.1 Long-Term Effects Long-term Effects of Alcohol
Hepatitis – inflammation or infection of the liver that cause fever, a yellowing of the skin, weakness, and sometimes death
Cirrhosis – when liver cells are permanently replaced with useless scar tissue
People with cirrhosis who continue to drink have only about a 50 percent chance of living more than five years
Cause damage to the heart, increase blood pressure which increase the risk of heart disease, heart attack and stroke
Kills brain cells which cannot be replaced and reduction in brain size
If a person stops using alcohol, some of the physical effects can be reversed over time
It can damage relationships with family, friends, and others

11. 21.1 Binge Drinking and Alcohol Poisoning
Alcohol severely damages judgment, reflexes, and vision
Ways to minimize your risk of getting involved in a drunken-driving incident
Don’t drink
Don’t accept a ride with someone who has been drinking
Binge Drinking – can cause death by alcohol poisoning
Alcohol is poison, if a person drinks enough at one time it can cause immediate death
Alcohol depresses nerves that control involuntary actions such as breathing and the gag reflex (which prevents choking). A fatal dose of alcohol will eventually stop these functions.
A BAL of .4% is usually enough to cause coma and put a person on the verge of death
For a 140lb person that’s about drinks in an hour
Binge drinking is a serious problem for teens and adults who take part in drinking games

12. 21.1 Long-Term Effects of Alcohol
The Brain
The Cardiovascular System
The Digestive System
The Pancreas
Addiction
Physical - dependence can lead to the inability to control the frequency & amount of drinking
Loss of brain functions - Loss of verbal skills visual and spatial skills, and memory
Brain damage- reduce brain size and memory
Heart damage – the heart muscles become weakened and the heart becomes enlarged reducing its ability to pump blood. The damage can lead to heart failure. Reduced blood flow can also damage other body systems.
High blood pressure – Damages the heart and can cause heart attack and stoke
Irritation of digestive lining – can lead to stomach ulcers and cancer of the stomach and esophagus
Fatty liver – fats build up in the liver and cannot be broken down, leading to cell death
Alcohol hepatitis – inflammation or infection of liver
Cirrhosis of liver
Swelling of the pancreas lining – The passageway from the pancreas to the small intestine can become blocked, and chemicals needed for digestion cannot pass to the small intestine. The chemicals begin to destroy the pancreas itself causing pain and vomiting

13. 21.1 Binge Drinking and Alcohol Poisoning
Effects of Alcohol Poisoning
Even when a person pass out from drinking alcohol that is in the stomach continues to enter the bloodstream, so person’s blood alcohol level will continue to rise which increase the risk of alcohol poisoning
Symptoms of alcohol poisoning include:
Mental confusion and stupor
Coma
Vomiting and seizures
Slow respiration – ten seconds between breaths or fewer than eight breaths per minute
Irregular heartbeat
Hypothermia or low body temperature – pale or bluish skin color
IF YOU SUSPECT A PERSON HAS ALCOHOL POISONING CALL 911

14. Alcohol Related Drownings
Warm-up
Make a Cause-and-Effect Concept Map
Draw a box around the phrase “Teen Alcohol Use” as shown here. Write at least four consequences of alcohol use, each in its own box. Connect the consequences boxes to the Teen Alcohol Use box as shown.
Teen Alcohol Use
Alcohol Related Drownings
Consequence 2
Consequence 3
Consequence 4

15. 21.2 Alcohol Use Alcohol use by responsible adults is legal
People increase the risk of psychological (believes that a drug is needed) and/or physiological dependence (condition in which the user has a chemical need for a drug) when using alcohol
Factors that influence alcohol use
Peer pressure
Family
Media message - many people drink to fit a cool, glamorous, and sophisticated image
Advertisements encourage drinking
Some people think drinking will help them relax and be social
Some drink to ease emotional pain
Some teenagers are looking for something to help them forget their worries
Teenagers drink to feel independent
Teenagers drink to rebel or for excitement

16. 21.2 Health Risks of Alcohol Use
Alcohol and the law
Drinking under 21 is breaking the law except under special circumstances such as religious purposes
Drinking under 21 can lead to arrest, a fine, and even a criminal record
Driving under the influence is illegal for people of all ages
Blood Alcohol Level’s Effect
On Death Risk
BAL
Chance of Dying
1.5 times as likely
11 times as likely
48 times as likely
.15 +
380 times as likely

17. 21.2 Health Risks of Alcohol Use
Alcohol and Violence
Avoid situation where alcohol is present
Fights are more likely to break out at parties where alcohol is used
Teens who drink are also more likely to be victims or perpetrators of violent crimes, such as rape, aggravated assault, and robbery
Alcohol and Sexual Activity
Alcohol impairs judgement and lowers inhibitions, and can cause a person to compromise his or her values
Teens who use alcohol are more likely to become sexually active at an earlier age and to engage in unprotected sexual activity
23% of sexually active teens use alcohol or drugs before engaging in sexual activity
Increase risk of STD

18. 21.2 Health Risks of Alcohol Use
Alcohol and the Family
Parents may abuse children when under the influence
Increase risk of neglect, abuse, or social isolation
Risk of economic hardship
Teen risk personal use of alcohol themselves
Teenagers may feel as though it is their fault
Mental illness or physical problems
People who begin drinking as a teen is 4 times more likely to develop alcohol dependence that someone who waits until adulthood
Alcohol and School
Most schools have adopted a zero-tolerance policy for students found using alcohol on school property
Students could become ineligible or suspended
Placed in alternate education programs

19. 21.2 Avoiding Alcohol
Alcohol is addictive, and once you start drinking it may be difficult to stop
Teens who start drinking by 15 are five times more likely to become dependent on alcohol than people who do not start until 21
Benefits of Living Alcohol Free
Maintaining a healthy body – avoid the damage alcohol can do to the brain and body organs
Establishing healthy relationships – You can be open and honest with family about your activities and habits
Making healthy decisions – You can make decisions that protect your health
Avoid risky behaviors – Reduce the risk of unhealthy choices like drinking and driving
Avoid illegal activities – avoid arrest and legal problems. Purchasing or possessing alcohol is against the law for anyone under 21

20. 21.2 Refusing Alcohol An Alcohol-Free Life
People chose not to drink because they like being sober
Being drunk interferes with a lot of activities people enjoy
Being sober allows you to get the most out of things that make you happy
Saying No Thanks by being assertive and use refusal skills
When turning down a drink make it simple
Say “no thanks”
You don’t owe anyone any explanations
Saying no is a matter of self-esteem
Examples of refusal statements:
“I don’t like the taste.”
“No thanks. I need to be in top shape for the game this week.”
“I don’t drink alcohol.”

21. A Drink at Home Assignment
Zach is going to Karen’s house on Saturday to watch a couple of movies with friends. When Zach arrives at Karen’s house, he is surprised to find that many of the teens there are drinking beer.
Karen sees him. “Hi, Zach. Do you want a beer?”
“Where did you get those?” asks Zach. “Aren’t your parents home?”
“No, they’re not home. What they don’t know won’t hurt them, “says Karen. “come on, I’ll get you a beer. It’s no big deal.”
Zach has an agreement with his parents that he won’t drink alcohol. He knows his parents would not approve of him drinking. He doesn’t want his friends to think he’s not part of the crowd, but he knows he needs to make it clear that he is not going to drink.
Class: Create a skit completing the dialogue between Zach and Karen. How can Zach refuse alcohol and still remain friends with Karen? Use the following refusal skills:
Say no in a firm voice
Explain why you are refusing
Suggest alternatives to the proposed activity
Back up your words with body language
Leave the situation if necessary Book p. 571

22. 21.3 The Impact of Alcohol Abuse
Alcohol and Driving
Driving and drinking can be dangerous and deadly
One-fifth of all teen drivers involved in fatal car accidents have a blood alcohol concentration of .01%
BAL (Blood Alcohol Level) can be influenced by gender, body weight, amount of food in stomach, and rate of drinking
Any amount of alcohol in the blood can cause the following:
Slow reflexes
Reduced ability to judge distances and speeds
Increase in risk-taking behaviors
Reduced concentration and increased forgetfulness

23. 21.3 Alcohol and Driving
Illustration of how the alcohol content varies in common alcoholic beverages
Comparing Beer, Wine, and Spirits or Liquor
Each of these beverages contains the same amount of pure alcohol
Drink
Alcohol by Volume
Alcohol Content
Beer (12 oz.) 4%
0.5 oz.
Wine (5 oz.)
10%
Vodka or Whiskey (1.25 oz.)
40%

24. 21.3 Driving While Intoxicated
Driving while intoxicated (DWI) or driving under the influence (DUI), is illegal
The maximum BAC (blood-alcohol content) permissible by law in Georgia is .08 percent for adults and .02 for people under 18
Adults of .08 can be charged with drunk driving
People under 21 , there is no acceptable BAC, since it’s illegal to use alcohol. The consequences for DWI or DUI include
Injuries to or death of the driver and others
Arrest, jail time, court appearances and fine or bail, a police record, and possible lawsuits
Severely restricted driving privileges and/or immediate confiscation of driver’s license
Higher auto insurance rates or a canceled insurance policy

25. 21.3 Alcohol and Pregnancy
When a pregnant woman drinks, every bit of the alcohol in her system passes into the bloodstream of her unborn child
Babies who are exposed to alcohol in this manner are at risk for suffering from a set of defects called fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
These effects include:
Small head and deformities of face, hands, or feet
Heart, liver, and kidney defects
Vision and hearing problems
Central nervous system problems, developmental disabilities, and poor coordination
Difficulties learning and short attention span
Hyperactivity, anxiety, and social withdrawal
The needed amount of alcohol is not known for FAS, so pregnant women are advised not to drink

26. 21.3 Alcoholism
Alcoholics are physically or psychologically dependent on alcohol. Symptoms include:
Craving – Feeling a strong need for alcohol to manage tension or stress, and a preoccupation with alcohol
Loss of control – Inability to limit alcohol consumption
Physical dependence – Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety
Tolerance – A need to drink increasingly more alcohol in order to feel its effects
Alcoholics
Alcoholics behavior vary – some are aggressive and violent, while others may become withdrawn
Research suggest alcoholism is partially due to genetics
Children of alcoholics are four times more likely to become alcoholics
Environment factors – family, friends, culture, peer pressure

27. 13.3 Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Addiction Continued…
When addicted you put alcohol before everything else
People who are addicted claim they can quit anytime
Risk Factors for Alcoholism
Risk Factors you Can’t Control
Risk Factors you can Control
Genes
Drinking before 21
Environment
Associating with people who drink
Bending to peer pressure
Drinking beyond moderation
Drinking at inappropriate times
Drinking alone

28. 21.3 Alcoholism Stages of Alcoholism
3 stages – abuse, dependence, and addiction
Stage 1 Abuse – Begins with social drinking. A physical and psychological dependence develops. The person may experience memory loss and blackouts, lie, or make excuses
Stage 2 Dependence – The person cannot stop drinking and is physically dependent on alcohol. Drinker tries to hid the problem, but performance at work, school, and home suffers
Stage 3 Addiction – The person is addicted. The liver may be already damaged, and so less alcohol may be required to cause drunkenness. If alcohol stops drinking he or she would experience severe withdrawal symptoms

29. 21.3 Treatment for Alcohol Abuse
Alcoholism can be treated by recovery or learning to live and alcohol-free life
Recovering alcoholics must make a lifelong commitment to sobriety or living without alcohol
Resources and programs available to help alcoholics, problem drinkers and their families:
Al-Anon and Alateen - Al-Anon is designed to help family members talk about the problems of living with an alcoholic
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) - 12 steps, AA host regular meetings and shared experience, One day at a time
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) – provides education to prevent underage drinking
National Association for Children of Alcoholics – provides help for children of alcoholics
Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD)

30. Any Questions?