1. Lecture 31 Movement of the Moon Ozgur Unal
NIS – PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Lecture 31
Movement of the Moon
Ozgur Unal

2. The Moon
List the characteristics of the Moon that comes to your mind.

3. Movement of the Moon Revolution of the Moon:
The Moon revolves once around Earth in 27.3 days (sidereal month).
But also Earth revolves around the Sun, therefore it takes more than 2 days for the Moon to line up with Earth and the Sun again.
A complete lunar phase cycle takes
29.5 days (synodic month).

4. Movement of the Moon Does the Moon rotate? Rotation of the Moon:
The Moon rotates.
It takes 27.3 days for the Moon
to rotate once on its axis.
Therefore, we always see the
same side of the Moon.

5. Movement of the Moon
Moon also affects the sea levels on Earth causing tides.
The rise and fall in sea level is called a tide.
A tide on Earth is caused by a giant wave produced by the gravitational pulls of the Sun and the Moon.
This wave has a height of 1-2 m, its wavelength is thousands of km.
As Earth rotates and the Moon
revolves, different locations on
Earth’s surface pass through the
high and low tides.
Every 12 hours there is high
(low) tide.
Sun also affects the strength of
the tides  Neap tide vs Spring tide

6. Phases of the Moon
Moon shines because of the reflection of sunlight on its surface.
Half of the Moon is lighted while the other half is dark.
As the Moon revolves around Earth, we see different portions of the lighted part of the Moon.
Moon phases are the changing appearances of the Moon as seen from Earth.
Moon phases depend on the relative positions of the Moon, the Sun and Earth.

7. Phases of the Moon
A new moon occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun.
After a new moon, the Moon’s phases are
said to be waxing.
A full moon occurs when we see all of the
Moon’s lighted side.
After a full moon, the phases are said to
be waning.

8. Phases of the Moon

9. Phases of Venus
Draw the positions and phases of Venus as seen from Earth.

10. Lecture 32 Eclipses and the Structure of the Moon Ozgur Unal
NIS – PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Lecture 32
Eclipses and the Structure of the Moon
Ozgur Unal

11. Battle of Halys

12. Solar Eclipse
The apparent size of the Moon is very close to the apparent size of the Sun.
Sometimes, during a new moon, a shadow cast by the Moon falls on Earth, causing a solar eclipse.
Umbra vs Penumbra
Total solar eclipse vs
partial solar eclispe

13. Lunar Eclipse http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWNKQ9jGmiM
When Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon, a lunar eclipse occurs.
Partial lunar eclipse vs total lunar eclipse.

14. Solar Eclipse vs Lunar Eclipse
How often do eclipses occur?
Eclipses occur a few times a
year because of the 5o tilt of
the Moon’s orbit.
However, it is more likely
for you to witness a lunar
eclipse than a solar eclipse
in your lifetime. Why?

15. The Moon’s Surface Moon’s surface contain different
features, such as craters, rays,
mountains and maria.
Craters are due to the comets,
meteoroids and asteroids, which
strike the Moon.
Rays are around the craters and
are due to the material that was
blasted out during the impact.
Maria are the dark colored
relatively flat regions on the surface.
Impacts on the Moon throughout its history led to the accumulation of debris known as regolith.

16. The Moon’s Interior
Iron rich solid core – Lower mantle – Upper mantle – Crust
The side of the crust facing Earth is thinner.

17. Formation of the Moon
According to the giant impact theory, the Moon formed 4.6 billion years ago when a Mars-sized object collided with Earth.  Figure 19

18. Man on the Moon
Who is the first man on the Moon?