1. The New U.S. Government
1789 To
1800

2. WASHINGTON Who was Washington? What made him a successful leader?
What qualities were exhibited by him and some of our famous
Presidents?
What role did he play in early American History?
How did Washington’s actions impact the future of the U.S.?

3. George Washington, 1789-1797 THE LEADER
Not College educated/ Not as well written
Leader of Continental Army
Chairman of Constitutional Convention
Quietly retired from public life after Rev. War
Country-Gentlemen & Framer
Most famous American (besides Ben Franklin)

5. Getting Organized Selecting a cabinet (Unwritten Constitution)
Vice Pres. J. Adams, Sec. of State: T. Jefferson, Sec. of Treasury: A. Hamilton, Henry Knox, Sec. of War
Creating a federal court system
Judiciary Act of 1789: Supreme Court (6)
District courts and Circuit Courts of Appeals

6. Washington Sets Up First Gov’t.
A. Hamilton’s Report on Public Credit
Plan to solve $$$ problems
Pay off some of the debt
National Gov’t “assumes” all of the debt
Helps to establish credit
New Tax (whiskey)
Protective Tariff (tax on imports)
This is rejected and does not happen
Tax money is placed in National Bank and used to pay off the debt
National Bank is EXTREMELY CONTROVERSIAL but chartered in 1791
Businesses support and helps to encourage industrial growth in U.S.
Jefferson vs. Hamilton

7. Hamilton vs. Jefferson Who wins?
Loose constructionist
Use Elastic Clause to stretch Constitution
Strict Constructionist
Not in Constitution = Can’t do it!

8. Federalists v. Dem.-Republicans (First Political Parties – Unwritten Constitution)
Loose interpretation
Pro British
Aid business & manufactures
National Bank
Favor tariffs
Largely in NE
A. Hamilton & John Adams
DEM.-REPUBLICANS
Strict interpretation
Pro French
Favor farmers & small businesses
No national bank
Opposed tariffs
Largely in So. & West
T. Jefferson and J. Madison

9. Whiskey Rebellion - 1794 Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
Against excise tax – Penn.
Washington called out state militias.
Led army some of the way (Hamilton)
By time army arrived – no rebellion
Shows difference of Fed power strength.
Shays v. Whiskey

10. Foreign Policy Under Washington
French Rev
Citizen Genet Affair
Impressment
Jay’s Treat

11. French Revolution Why is this a big deal to the United States
French Revolution breaks out and lasts from
Seeing the weak French the British enter into a war against France.
Why is this a big deal to the United States
2 REASONS
France Supported America during the Revolutionary War
Britain had a stronger navy
WHAT SHOULD THE U.S. DO?????

12. Foreign Affairs
(Fr. Revolution: supported overthrow of King, but horrified by “The Terror”)
U.S. had a formal alliance with Fr. (French-American Alliance of 1778)
Washington: Proclamation of Neutrality

13. U.S. and France Citizen Genet Affair (1793-1794)
Fr. minister to US broke rules of diplomacy by appealing directly to American people for support of French Rev.
Genet wanted to recruit American merchants to become privateers
Declaration of Neutrality
Washington requested he be recalled
Recalled, but chose to remain in US

14. Br. Impressment of American Sailors

15. Jay’s Treaty 1794 – War between Britain and France is at a high point.
Tension in the U.S….WHO SHOULD WE HELP???
Washington and Hamilton decide U.S. would be better served siding with Britain.
Send John Jay to London to negotiate a treaty

16. Jay’s Treaty (1794)
Br. searching & seizing US ships & impressing American sailors
Treaty:
Br. Agreed to evacuate western posts,
US got better trade terms-US would favor British exports in Am.Ports
But no agreement on attacks on US shipping.
Narrowly ratified; kept to Washington’s neutrality-
Divided American people further

17. England vs. France Washington/Adams Jefferson/Dem-Rep
Federalists wanted to lean towards friendlier relations with England.
Connected by gov’t, traditions, culture.
World Power – put chips in with them.
Major trade partner
Jefferson/Dem-Rep
France savior of rev.
French Rev. – Liberty
Home of Enlightenment.
Not attacking US shipping like Britain. 17

18. Main Events (cont.)
Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) with Spain: Jay’s Treaty prompted Spain to agree to open the lower Mississippi River & New Orleans to American trade (“right of deposit”) to transfer cargo w/o paying duty.
Accepted new Florida boundary, giving US advantage

19. Washington’s Farewell Address (1797)
Washington steps down after two terms:
Warned Americans:
Avoid involvement in European affairs
Stay out of “permanent alliances”
Avoid attachment to political parties
AMERICA’S ORIGINAL BOY BOY