1. Personality Disorders
Chapter 13
Personality Disorders

3. Personality Disorders
Individual’s personality traits are maladaptive
their behaviors, thoughts, and feelings interfere with daily life
these traits persist from adolescence or early adulthood onward
Comorbidity-other disorders are more difficult to recover due to these traits

4. DSM-V Personality Disorders
Cluster A: Odd-Eccentric Personality Disorders
Symptoms similar to those for schizophrenia, including inappropriate or flat affect, odd thought and speech patterns, paranoia. People with these disorders maintain their grasp on reality, however.
Cluster B: Dramatic Emotional Personality Disorders
Manipulative, volatile, and uncaring in social relationships. Impulsive, sometimes violent behavior that show little regard for their own safety or the safety or needs of others
Cluster C: Anxious-Fearful Personality Disorders
Extremely concerned about being criticized or abandoned by others and thus have dysfunctional relationships with them.

5. Cluster A: Odd-Eccentric
Paranoid personality disorder Chronic and pervasive mistrust and suspicion of other people that is unwarranted and maladaptive.
Schizoid personality disorder Chronic lack of interest in and avoidance of interpersonal relationships, emotional coldness toward others.
Schizotypal personality disorder Chronic pattern of inhibited or inappropriate emotion and social behavior, aberrant cognitions, disorganized speech.
Weak
Relationship to Schizophrenia
Strong

6. Cluster B: Dramatic Emotional Personality Disorders
Antisocial personality disorder
Pervasive pattern of criminal, impulsive, callous, or ruthless behavior; disregard for rights of others; no respect for social norms. One of the most common of the personality disorders and one of the most difficult to treat.
Borderline personality disorder
Rapidly shifting and unstable mood, self-concept, and interpersonal relationships; impulsive.
Histrionic personality disorder
Rapidly shifting moods, unstable relationships, and intense need for attention and approval; dramatic, seductive behavior.
Narcissistic personality disorder
Grandiose thoughts and feelings of one’s own worth; obliviousness to others’ needs.

8. Theories of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Genetic predisposition
Deficits in brain structure and functioning
Low levels of arousability
Testosterone
Harsh and inconsistent parenting
Physical abuse

11. Treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder
Dialectical behavior therapy
Cognitive therapy treatments
Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS)
Psychodynamically oriented therapies
Drug treatments for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression

12. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy
Support-oriented: It helps a person identify their strengths and builds on them so that the person can feel better about him/herself and their life.
Cognitive-based: DBT helps identify thoughts, beliefs, and assumptions that make life harder: “I have to be perfect at everything.”
In DBT people are encouraged to work out problems in their relationships with their therapist and the therapists to do the same with them.
DBT asks people to complete homework assignments, to role-play new ways of interacting with others, and to practice skills such as soothing yourself when upset.

13. DBT
Individual weekly psychotherapy sessions that emphasize problem-solving behavior for the past week’s issues and troubles that arose in the person’s life
Weekly group therapy sessions, generally 2 1/2 hours a session and led by a trained DBT therapist, where people learn skills from one of four different modules: interpersonal effectiveness, distress tolerance/reality acceptance skills, emotion regulation, and mindfulness skills

14. Cluster C: Anxious-Fearful
Avoidant personality disorder
Pervasive anxiety, a sense of inadequacy, and a fear of being criticized, which leads to the avoidance of social interactions and nervousness.
Dependent personality disorder: Pervasive selflessness, need to be cared for, fear of rejection, leading to total dependence on and submission to others. .
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder Pervasive rigidity in one’s activities and interpersonal relationships, including emotional construction, extreme perfectionism, and anxiety about even minor disruptions in one’s routine.

15. Group
Drugs
Anti-psychotic
DBT

16. Revisiting Dimensional Models of Personality Disorders
Some theorists argue that personality disorders should be considered extreme forms of common personality dimensions
Several theoretical schemes for the personality disorders have been suggested.
In particular, there is good evidence that the DSM-V personality disorders can be conceptualized along dimensions that make up the five-factor model of personality

17. Biopsychosocial Model of Personality Disorders