1. Technology Management Activities and Tools
Protection
Technology Management Activities and Tools

2. Protection
(1) Identifying and measuring internal (i.e company owned) and external technology assets (i.e shared)
(2) Intellectual Property (IP) portfolio management
(3) Managing knowledge of workers and their IP
(4) Managing IP in technology collaborations

3. Intellectual Property (IP)
IP Refers to protection of creations of mind which have both moral and commercial value.
IP Law grants, an author of intellectual creation, exclusive rights for exploiting from their creations. i.e literary and artistic works, Designs and symbols etc

4. Protection types (1)
Copyright may exist in creative and artistic works (e.g. books, movies, music, paintings, photographs, and software) and give a copyright holder the exclusive right to control reproduction or adaptation of such works for a certain period of time (historically a period of between 10 and 30 years depending on jurisdiction, more recently the life of the author plus several decades).
Main purpose is to encourage and reward the owner of creative work

5. Protection types (2)
An industrial design right protects the form of appearance, style or design of an industrial object (e.g. spare parts, furniture, or textiles). The social purpose is to provide the protection for the results of investment in development of new technology thus to give incentives on finding the new technology or design.
A patent may be granted for a new, useful invention, and gives the patent holder a right to prevent others from practicing the invention without a license from the inventor for a certain period of time (typically 20 years from the filing date of a patent application). (IPO registers patents in Pakistan)

6. Protection types (3)
A trademark is a distinctive sign which is used to distinguish the products or services of different businesses. This enables customers to make informed choices between various products
The domain name is a distinctive Internet address designated for the firm/product/service.

7. A trade secret (is “confidential information”) or secret, non-public information concerning the commercial practices or proprietary knowledge of a business, public disclosure of which may sometimes be illegal. It gives edge over competitors E.g Recipes and formulas of pepsi or other beverages of food items.

8. Protection activity