1. Intellectual Property Chapter 5

2. Intellectual Property Property resulting from intellectual, creative processes—the products of an individual’s mind. Laws protecting patents, trademarks, and copyrights are designed explicitly to protect, nurture, and reward inventive and artistic creativity.

3. Trademarks A distinctive mark, motto, or device that a manufacturer stamps, prints, or otherwise affixes to goods so that they may be identified on the market. Federal law protects infringement as well as dilution. Owners may register a mark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office pursuant to the Lanham Act or with one or more states.

4. Trademarks Various marks have been protected: Coca-Cola Kleenex Other items have lost protection due to becoming generic terms: Aspirin Thermos Escalator

5. Cyber Marks Trade marks also have protection on the Internet: Holders of registered trademarks now have protection in usage as domain names Prohibition of “cybersquatting” in 1999 amendments to Lanham Act Use of trademarks as meta tags on websites can be OK as nominative use.

6. Patents An inventor’s right to make, use, or sell his or her invention for a period of time. Obtained for a product, process, or design. Inventor must convince the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office that it is genuine, novel, useful, and not obvious in light of current technology.

7. Patents The patent owner may grant exclusive or non- exclusive licenses to others to enable them to make, use, or sell the patented product, process, or design. The patent owner typically will be paid a royalty on all sales of goods manufactured or sold pursuant to the license.

8. Copyrights The exclusive right of an author to publish, print, or sell a product of his or her intellect for a certain period of time. A copyright grants its holder the same monopolistic control over his or her creation as a patent or trademark. May be registered with the U.S. Copyright Office.

9. Copyrights “Fair Use” Doctrine - statutory defense to claim of infringement –criticism, –commentary, –news reporting, –teaching, –scholarship, or –research.

10. Copyrights Copyright protection also extends to computer software. –Software code is deemed a “literary work” –Courts generally do not protect “look and feel” of various programs

11. Trade Secrets A trade secret is information or a process that gives a person or business an advantage over competitors who do not have access to the information or process. Trade secret protection is almost exclusively a matter of common law - not a matter of any state or federal agency.

12. Trade Secrets Examples: –customer lists, –pricing information, –marketing techniques, –research and development, –production methods, –etc.

13. Intellectual Property Chapter 5