1. Chapter 5
The Contiguity Principle

2. Labeling a Map Make a key with states listed below the map?
Rollover the states so that the state names appear?
Write state names on to the map?

3. Present texts and graphics in an integrated fashion.

4. Principle 1: Coordinate Printed Words and Graphics
Printed words should be near the corresponding part of an image
What are some examples of images that should have their corresponding text near them?

5. Violations of Principle 1
In scrolling windows, graphic goes off screen when scrolling down to see text.
All text is placed at bottom of the screen away from graphic.
Key elements in a graphic are numbered, and a legend at the bottom names each numbered part.
Directions are on a separate screen from application.
Feedback is displayed on separate screen from question.

6. Principle 2: Coordinate Spoken Words and Graphics
Narrations should play at the same time as the animation or video depicting what is being described is playing.

7. Violations of Principle 2
A link to audio is indicated by one button, and a link to video is indicated by another.
A segment provides a narrated description followed by an animation or video. (One continuous presentation, but two parts.)

8. Psychological Reasons for Contiguity Principle
Limited working memory.
Having to coordinate words and visuals separated in space or time can tax the working memory.
It creates split attention.

9. Evidence for Contiguity Principle
In research studies, people tested provided 43% to 89% more correct solutions to tests after viewing texts that were integrated with graphics than separated.
In a study, people learned better about the human heart when a pop-up containing text appeared next to the part of the graphic it described than when they had to scroll to the bottom of the screen to see text.

10. Evidence for Contiguity Principle (cont.)
In a study, students who viewed a video while listening to the audio describing the video performed 60% better than those who listened to the audio separate from the video.

11. Review
If you have too much text to fit on a page with a graphic, how might you solve this problem?
Any questions regarding the contiguity principle?

12. Chapter 8
The Coherence Principle

13. Your Opinion
When making a presentation, should you include lots of fun facts and pictures to make it more interesting, or should you only include what is necessary and relevant?