1. Spiral Entry:
What is the greatest piece of technology ever invented?

2. TECHNOLOGY / URBANIZATION & IMMIGRATION
Unit 5 – U.S. / Canada

3. America’s Characteristics
Steel Belt – Northern States (MI, OH, PA) that had large populations and numerous steel factories
Rust Belt – Northern States (MI, OH, PA) that was once known as the steel belt, got its nickname from the long period of time where factories closed down
Sun Belt – States across the southern region of the U.S. (CA to FL)
Suburb – residential area on the outskirts of a major city
Urban Sprawl – the uncontrolled spread of urban development into neighboring regions
Urbanization – the process of people moving from the country to city

4. TECHNOLOGY & URBANIZATION
Until about the 1800’s, it was mainly environmental settlement factors, such as access to fresh water, climate, determined where most people lived.
Starting around the 1800’s and continuing to today, new inventions made it possible, and even attractive, to live in areas which had barely populated before.
Describe how those new technologies influenced where/how people live (urban/ suburban/ rural, what part of the country, living standard, etc.).

5. 9 Groups:
Fill out the “Technology & Urbanization” side of your work sheet by going to each station in the room

6. RAILROAD How did the railroad influence where people live?
Made it possible to move faster across large distances over land
Increased the ability to trade
Increase westward expansion

7. IRRIGATION How did irrigation influence where people live?
Made it possible to farm where there would not otherwise be enough rainfall to grow crops
Increased size/reliability of harvests

8. DAMS
What advantage did large dams like the Hoover Dam and Grand Coolee Dam provide in developing the West?
Prevented Floods
Stored Water for Droughts
Generated Electricity

9. REFRIGERATION How did refrigeration influence where people live?
Made it possible to farm further from large cities and still get your farm goods to market.
Allowed a greater variety of goods to be available all across the country, all throughout the seasons

10. FACTORY ASSEMBLY LINES
How did factory assembly lines influence where people live?
Increased living standards by making goods cheaper
Large numbers of people immigrated to get jobs at big factories (such as in the “STEEL/ RUST BELT” of the United States)

11. AUTOMOBILE (& FREEWAYS)
How did the automobile influence where people live?
People could live outside the city center (like downtown Austin) in SUBURBS (like Georgetown) and still commute to work.
This created URBAN SPRAWL – where a city keeps expanding on the edges (and usually shrinks in the center)

12. AIR CONDITIONING How did air conditioning influence where people live?
People who would not have wanted to live in areas of the Southwest withy 100° + weather were now attracted to the “SUNBELT”

13. AUTOMATED FACTORIES
How did automated factories influence American life?
Fewer workers were needed in factories, so many factory workers lost their jobs.
Workers needed high levels of skills to get/keep a manufacturing job
which meant many people moved away from the “RUST BELT” – most went to the “SUN BELT “ in the south and west.

14. INTERNET How did the internet influence where people live?
Increased efficiency in the ordering, manufacturing and distribution of goods because supply and demand can more precisely be tracked in real time.
Some jobs no longer require you to physically be there, so the internet frees many people to work from where ever they wish to live
The flip side of that is that some businesses will find workers who will do the job for the lowest pay, which is often outside of the USA.

15. HUMAN
MIGRATION

16. 1) MIGRATION - MOVING FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER
Great Migration of the 1920’s & 30’s
1935 Dust Bowl
This includes moving inside of a country from one place to another, as well as moving from one country to another
2005 Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

17. WHY LEAVE HOME?
2) PUSH FACTORS – ISSUES THAT CAUSE PEOPLE TO MOVE AWAY FROM THEIR HOME
3) PULL FACTORS – WHAT ATTRACTS PEOPLE TO A NEW COUNTRY

18. 4) EXAMPLES of PUSH FACTORS
A) WAR/ LOSS of FREEDOM/ SAFETY
B) ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS & NATURAL DISASTERS
C) POVERTY/ UNEMPLOYMENT/ FEW OPPORTUNITIES

19. 5) EXAMPLES of PULL FACTORS
These are examples of intangible Pull Factors:
A) SAFETY
C) OPPORTUNITY
B) FREEDOM

20. 5) EXAMPLES of PULL FACTORS
These are examples of some tangible Pull Factors:
D) JOBS & MONEY
F) BETTER LIFE FOR THEIR CHILDREN
E) ACCESS to EDUCATION

22. EMIGRANT- A PERSON WHO MOVES AWAY FROM THEIR HOME COUNTRY
EMIGRATION- WHEN A COUNTRY HAS PEOPLE MOVING AWAY
So many Irish moved to the US between that there were more Irish in the USA than in Ireland!

23. 6) IMMIGRANT- A PERSON WHO PERMANENTLY MOVES TO ANOTHER COUNTRY
7) IMMIGRATION- WHEN A COUNTRY GETS PEOPLE MOVING IN FROM ANOTHER COUNTRY
Today - most immigrants come to the US from Central America, some come without legal permission
100 years ago – most immigrant to US came from Europe

24. CITIZEN - A person owing loyalty to and entitled by birth or naturalization to the protection of a state or nation.
CITIZENSHIP – The status of a citizen with its attendant duties, rights, and privileges.
BIRTHRIGHT CITIZENSHIP – Law where anyone born in a country automatically has the right to be a citizen of that country, regardless of their parents'’ citizenship.
BLOOD RIGHT CITIZENSHIP – Law where a child’s citizenship is the same as their parents’ citizenship, not their country of birth.
8) NATURALIZATION - TO GRANT A PERSON BORN A FOREIGN CITIZEN FULL CITIZENSHIP IN COUNTRY THEY MOVED TO.

25. MIGRANT – A PERSON WHO MOVES AROUND FOR WORK WITHOUT ESTABLISHING A HOME
9) REFUGEE = PERSON WHO LEAVES THEIR HOME COUNTRY IN FEAR BECAUSE OF DANGER, WAR OR NATURAL DISASTER

26. 11) DEPORTATION = IMMIGRANT FORCED TO RETURN TO THEIR HOME COUNTRY
10) ASSYLUM = LEGAL STATUS ALLOWING PEOPLE TO REMAIN AS IMMIGRANTS IN A COUNTRY BECAUSE THEY CAN SHOW THEY FACE VIOLENCE OR DEATH IN

27. 12) AMNESTY = LEGAL STATUS ALLOWING PEOPLE TO REMAIN AS IMMIGRANTS IN A COUNTRY BECAUSE THEY CAN SHOW THEY FACE VIOLENCE OR DEATH IN THEIR HOME COUNTRY
13) PATH to CITIZENSHIP = UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANT ALLOWED TO REMAIN IN A COUNTRY AND GO THROUGH A LEGAL PROCESS, WHICH COULD LEAD TO CITIZENSHIP

28. 14) UNACCOMPANIED MINORS - In terms of immigration, these are undocumented immigrants under the age of 18 who are not with a parent or guardian.
15) DREAMers = young people brought to the US w/o permission before they turned 16, who are seeking changes in US law to allow them to stay, work and possibly gain citizenship (bill known as the Dream Act)

29. A) INCREASES CULTURAL DIFFUSION
16) EFFECTS OF MIGRATION
A) INCREASES CULTURAL DIFFUSION
American Gothic by Grant Wood

30. 16) EFFECTS OF MIGRATION B) AFFECTS POPULATION DISTRIBUTION & DENSITY
This intentionally distorted map shows the migration to some countries and away from other countries