1. Atomic Structure

2. Gold is an element.
An element is a substance which cannot be broken down into simpler substances under normal circumstances.
This means that if you break gold down into smaller and smaller pieces, it will still be gold.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Gold is made of nothing
but gold.

3. Salt is not an element.
Salt can be broken down into simpler substances--sodium and chlorine.

4. Gold cannot be broken down into any other substances.
The smallest, tiniest piece of gold
is an atom of gold.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element.

5. The smallest particle or piece of gold is an atom of gold.
Carbon is also an element.
The smallest particle of carbon is an atom of carbon.

6. All atoms have 2 common structures:
nucleus
energy level(s)

7. - - Each structure is made of subparticles. + energy level protons
nucleus
electrons
neutrons -

8. Carbon has 6 protons. The atomic number of carbon is 6.
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is that atom’s atomic number. + -
Carbon has 6 protons. The atomic number of carbon is 6.
Gold has 79 protons. The atomic number of gold is ___.
A.P.E. = all the same numbers
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is its atomic mass.

9. 16 Atomic mass (protons + neutrons) - 8 Atomic number (protons) ___
To find the number of neutrons in an atom, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass.
16 Atomic mass (protons + neutrons)
- 8 Atomic number (protons)
___
8 Number of neutrons

10. Protons = 8
Atomic Number = 8
Neutrons = 8
Atomic Mass = 16
Energy Levels = 2
oxygen atom
Electrons = 8

11. You Practice!! Look at the model drawing for Fluorine:
Count the Protons= Electrons= Atomic Number
Count rings around nucleus = energy levels
Subtract Protons – Mass = Neutrons

12. Look at the model drawing for Phosphorous:
Count the Protons= Electrons= Atomic Number
Count rings around nucleus = energy levels
Subtract Protons – Mass = Neutrons

13. Drawing the Bohr Model Electron Rings: Electron cloud:
Center circle is the Nucleus
Inside are the Protons and neutrons
Electron Rings: Electron cloud:
Rings around the nucleus
1st ring around nucleus – can only hold 2 electrons
2nd ring around nucleus – can hold UP TO 8 electrons
3rd ring around nucleus – can hold UP TO 18 electrons
4th ring around nucleus - can hold UP TO 18 electrons

14. Now draw the atomic structure using information in the boxes for Neon and Sodium:

15. So far, there are over 100 known elements.
A summary of each element’s atomic structure is found in
the Periodic Table of Elements.
more about that later . . .

16. N 7 atomic number state of matter element symbol nitrogen element name
An example of an entry in the periodic table.
atomic number 7 G
state of matter N
element symbol
nitrogen
element name
14.007
atomic mass 7
How many electrons? 7
How many protons? 7
How many neutrons?

17. N 7 The atomic mass is always rounded to the nearest whole number
nitrogen
14.007 G
The atomic mass is always rounded to the nearest whole number
to 14
to 27

18. Ca atomic number state of matter element symbol __________
An example of an entry in the periodic table.
atomic number
state of matter Ca
element symbol
__________
element name
________
atomic mass
___
How many electrons?
___
How many protons?
___
How many neutrons?

19. 30 ______ atomic number state of matter element symbol ___________
An example of an entry in the periodic table.
atomic number 30
state of matter
______
element symbol
___________
element name
________
atomic mass
____
How many electrons?
____
How many protons?
____
How many neutrons?

20. ____ __ atomic number state of matter element symbol __________
An example of an entry in the periodic table.
atomic number __
state of matter
____
element symbol
__________
element name
________
atomic mass
____
How many electrons? 17
How many protons?
____
How many neutrons?

21. ____ 56 atomic number state of matter element symbol element name
An example of an entry in the periodic table.
atomic number 56 S
state of matter
____
element symbol
element name
________
atomic mass
____
How many electrons?
____
How many protons?
____
How many neutrons?