1. D. Muscular Tissue
Muscle tissue is so called because of the ability of its cells to contract and relax thereby giving rise to movement within the body and the body itself
Muscle is responsible for movement of the body and changes in the size and shape of internal organs.

2. Structure of the Muscle Tissue
In muscle tissue, the bulk of the cytoplasmic volume consists of the contractile protein fibrils, called: Actin and Myosin.
Muscle cells are generally referred to as muscle fibres. (Note that the term "fibre" is used both for muscle cells, and for the extracellular elements, e.g. collagen, produced by connective tissue cells.)
Muscle fibres are typically arranged in parallel arrays, allowing them to work together effectively

3. Characteristics of all Muscle Tissues:
1. Specialized cells: elongated, high density of;
Myofilaments = Cytoplasmic
Filaments of: Actin and Myosin
2. Excitability/irritability: receive and respond
to stimulus
3. Contractility: shorten and produce force
upon stimulation
4. Extensibility: can be stretched
5. Elasticity: recoil after stretch

4. Types of Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue Types:
1. Skeletal muscle = Voluntary striated muscle
2. Cardiac muscle = Involuntary striated
Muscle
3. Smooth muscle = Involuntary non- striated muscle

5. I. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Skeletal muscles -Forms (44% of body mass)
Skeletal muscle constitutes the muscle that is attached to the skeleton and controls motor movements and posture
A skeletal muscle is an organ: composed of
Skeletal muscle cells (fibers), CT
Nerves
Blood vessels

6. A Typical Skeletal Muscle Cell
Each cell is a highly modified, giant, multi-nucleate cell (fibre). Also called Striated because under microscopes can be see as stripes or cross strips
Each fibre is  cylindrical in shape with blunt, rounded ends.
The flattened nuclei are located mainly at the periphery of the cell,
just inside the sarcolemma.

7. Anatomy (Gross) of Skeletal Muscle
Each muscle has one nerve that allows nervous control and
one artery with several capillaries to supply oxygen and
remove wastes
Three CT sheaths hold muscle together:
Endomysium made of capillaries and stem cells surrounds each muscle fiber
Perimysium surrounds groups muscle fibers
Epimysium : composed of collagen surrounds the whole muscles its elastic and has blood vessels and nerves

8. Skeletal Muscle Fiber (Microscopic)
Are long cylindrical cells with multiple nuclei
The striations are due to repeating series of dark A bands and light I bands
Myofilaments make up of myofibrils and consists of thick and thin filaments
Thick filaments are called myosin and thin called actin
Actin consists of Tropomyosin and Troponin they control protein assisting muscle contraction

9. Typical Muscle Tissue

10. Functions of Skeletal Muscles:
Produce skeletal movement
2. Maintain posture and upright position
3. Stabilize joints
4. Support soft tissues
5. Guard entrances and exits
6. Generate heat (maintain body temp)

11. II. CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
The Heart

12. CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE Cardiac Muscle Tissue Occurs only in the heart
Consists of striated muscle fibers that branch and unite with each other
It forms the myocardium of the heart. It is highly innervated . The nerves are from autonomic ( involuntary ) nerve fibers
The have the property of spontaneous and rhythmical contraction due to specialized muscle conduction system of the heart.

14. Skeletal Muscle and the Cardiac Muscle

15. III. Smooth Muscle Tissue
Smooth Muscle tissues contracts without conscious control because of the intrinsic ability to contract and relax
Having the form of thin layers or sheets made up of spindle-shaped, unstriated cells with single nuclei
These are called; non-striated, visceral or involuntary with spindle- shaped cells with only one nucleus

16. Smooth Muscle Tissue
Visceral muscle tissue, or smooth muscle are tissue associated with the internal organs of the body
Especially those in the abdominal cavity.
the blood vessels, stomach, digestive tract, and other internal organs
Are composed of bundles of specialized cells capable of contraction and relaxation to create movement.

17. Smooth Muscle Tissue Functions :
Regulates blood vessels and parts of the respiratory track
Propels the contents of the ureters , ducts of glands and the alimentary tract
Expels the contents of some organs like bladder and uterus

18. D. Nervous Tissue
Definition: Nervous tissue is the fourth basic tissue type of the body and is organized into two basic systems:
The Central Nervous System (CNS)
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The peripheral system responds to stimuli and sends impulses to the central system (brain and spinal cord).
These impulses are interpreted by the CNS and then other impulses initiated in the CNS travel back through the PNS to effector organs to produce the proper response.

19. Anatomy of the Nervous Tissue
The basic cell of the nervous system is called a neuron.
Structurally, a neuron consists of:
(1) the cell body, containing the nucleus and synthetic organelles
(2) the axon, a long cytoplasmic process associated with the cell body used to communicate with target organs
(3) the dendrites, shorter cytoplasmic processes off the cell body used to communicate between

21. Structure f the Nervous System
Cell Body
The cell body is similar to other types of cells. It has a nucleus with at
least one nucleolus and contains many of the typical cytoplasmic
organelles.
Dendrites and axons are cytoplasmic extensions, or projections of the body
Dendrites
Project from the cell body. The number of dendrites on a neuron varies. Dendrites are usually, but not always, short and branching, which increases their surface area to receive signals from other neurons.
They are called afferent processes because they transmit impulses to the neuron cell body.

22. Structure of the Nervous System
Axon
There is only one axon that projects from each cell body.
It is usually elongated and because it carries impulses away from the cell body, it is called an efferent process.
Many axons are surrounded by a segmented, white, fatty substance called myelin or the myelin sheath.
Myelinated fibers make up the white matter in the CNS, while cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers make the gray matter. The unmyelinated regions between the myelin segments are called the nodes of Ranvier.

23. Structure f the Nervous System
The unmyelinated regions between the myelin segments are called the nodes of Ranvier.
In the peripheral nervous system, the myelin is produced by Schwann cells ( important for regeneration of nerve fiber )
Neuroglia
Neuroglia cells do not conduct nerve impulses, but instead, they support, nourish, and protect the neurons. They are far more numerous than neurons and, unlike neurons, are capable of mitosis.