1. UNIT ONE-RENAISSANCE End of Feudalism and the Beginning of the Renaissance Content Check #!
What was secularism? Manorialism? Feudalism?
Which minority was persecuted during the Middle Ages? Why?
What do flagellants do and WHY?
How does Nationalism and how does it start? (Concentrate on the economic reason)
What is a guild?
Analyze how the Hundred Years’ War, Black Plague, and the Great Schism led to the Renaissance

2. UNIT ONE-RENAISSANCE
End of Feudalism and the Beginning of the Renaissance
Humanism, Art, and Rebirth

3. An Overview New Material Crisis of the Late Middle Ages
Renaissance: Recovery & Rediscovery
Recovery: Europe following the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages
Political, Economic and Social Changes
Rediscovery: The Return of Classical Learning
Italian Renaissance: Why Italy?
Economic, political and social structure of Italian city-states
The Major Players and Achievements
Northern Renaissance: How did it compare?

4. Crisis of the Late Middle Ages 1350-1450
Famine, Plague, War, Economic Crisis
And the Decline of the Church

5. Famine “Little Ice Age” brought torrential rains
Severe weather damaged crops , causing the “Great Famine”
Poor nutrition increased susceptibility to diseases
Price controls could not stop inflation
The starving attacked Jews, lepers and the wealthy as scapegoats

6. Black Death Arrived in Italy in 1347 from Asia
Generated in humans from fleas on rats, most common in cities, which were havens for disease
Single boil was followed by bleeding under the skin, vomit, then death
30%-60% of the population died (depending on area)
Jews attacked again

7. The Disease Cycle Human is infected!
Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria.
Bacteria
multiply in
flea’s gut.
Human is infected!
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.
Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria.

8. Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.
The Symptoms
Bulbous
Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.

9. Consequences of the Plague
More inflation will occur
As labor became expensive, riots occurred over wages. Overall it benefited workers and artisans, especially those in guilds
Many priests will die of the plague, encouraging the endowment of new colleges
The plague caused pessimism in the Church, as well as fanaticism (anti-Semitism and “flagellants” from Latin flagellare, to whip)
A morbid obsession with death will haunt art and literature

10. Psychology of the Black Death
Blaming of certain groups- Jews
Pessimism across Europe
Artist Obsession with death
Flagellantism
Religious Fervor
Disease from god to punish man of sins (The Great Flood)

11. The Hundred Years’ War Pg. 351 in your textbook
Started as a dispute over inherited land claims between the French and English monarchies
Fought primarily in France
England will be the early winner due to the Long Bow and Canon
French troops will rally around Joan of Arc, changing the course of the war
Joan of Arc will be caught by English allies of France and burned at the stake, but the spirit she endowed in the troops will lead to victory

12. The Hundred Years War 1337-1453 France vs. England Causes
Philip of Valois vs. Edward III
Causes
Edward III of England claims the French Throne
Was the grandson of King Phillip the Fair of France
Seized Aquitaine in 1337
French Barons backed Edwards claim
Wanted to go against the French king who was trying to centralize rule
Flemish supporters backed Edwards claim; wood trade England/Flanders
French and English saw war as a way to avoid internal social problems

15. Long Bow vs Cross Bow
Faster loading; further; into chainmail; more skill required
Slower loading; less reach; easier to learn to shoot
Sketch by Leonardo Da Vinci

16. Joan of Arc
1485 Artist’s interpretation – only portrait of her did not survive
Aka “Maid of Orleans”
Becomes symbol for French people to take back country from English
Later betrayed by her own king
Sainted in 1920
Most of what we know is speculation

17. Consequences of the War
“Nationalism” (intense feeling of national pride and unity) begins to take root
Economies of both will suffer, leading to further taxes on peasants. Parliament will gain power in England, the Estates General will lose power in France as a result of taxing methods
England will lose all French possessions, except Calais (remember map from text)
Most importantly, the move toward a strong centralized, hereditary monarchy will begin to replace the notion of a “feudal” order

18. Decline of Church Prestige
, the Papacy was moved to Avignon, France and made a puppet of the monarchy: Known as Babylonian Captivity
Shortly after it’s return to Rome, an Italian Pope was chosen – Urban VI
Urban VI was a ruthless reformer, and the Cardinals secretly chose French Pope Clement VII
As Kings lined up behind one pope or the other, common folk became confused and the Churches prestige was further weakened (Great Schism)

19. Life in the Middle Ages (14th and 15th Centuries)
Relationships between nobility and peasants
Marriage and Family
16 to 18 years for women later for men
The oldest profession
Marriage usually governed by economic factors
Divorce did not exist
Church regulations were not usually followed
Life in the Parish
Increased lay management because of church crisis
Center of life in Middle ages
Increase in Guilds
Widespread drunkenness and violence
Bull Baiting and Bear Baiting Sports
Execution of William Wallace

20. The Renaissance 1450 (or so) - 1550
Recovery & Rediscovery Reformation & Reconciliation

21. Recovery
Population: Substantial population growth in the late fifteenth – sixteenth centuries due to better farming techniques, more land being farmed and new crops introduced from America. By 1550 it had reached pre-plague levels
Economics: As the populations grew, the economy revived. A money economy will develop again along with the availability of credit. Wealthy banking families will gain power and prestige throughout Europe. Manufacturing will also grow.
Socially: Famine, plague and war gave survivors a new meaning of life. They began to celebrate life, and question the church.

22. Test Idea
Rediscovery
Writers and artists began to express their new view on life and the printing press allowed for a revival in education and the availability of texts
Many were influenced by Greco-Roman classical styles preserved by Muslim and Byzantine scholars. Western Europeans came in contact with them through travel, trade and “crusade”.
The new art and literature focused more on secular than religious themes, and expressed the Renaissance intellectual movement known as “Humanism” which emphasized the individual.
Artists and sculptors will pay more attention to perspective and realistic styles, common in Greco-Roman art

23. Secularism and Humanism
Secularism focused the worldly rather than the spiritual (on the here and now versus the “forever after”). Life was to be enjoyed, not just endured.
Humanism – a movement in which scholars studied the classics which emphasized individualism. Individualism stressed the full development of human potential and glorification of human achievement
In what ways are these ideas expressed in Greek art and literature? You will find those common themes in the Renaissance

24. Content Check #1 (can you answer these now)
What was secularism? Manorialism? Feudalism?
Which minority was persecuted during the Middle Ages? Why?
What do flagellants do and WHY?
How does Nationalism and how does it start? (Concentrate on the economic reason)
What is a guild?
Analyze how the Hundred Years’ War, Black Plague, and the Great Schism led to the Renaissance

25. Content Check #2
On a scrap piece of paper, list as many art techniques as you can.
Next, identify at least one piece of art and its artist for each technique you can remember
Explain HOW it depicts an idea of the Renaissance (Humanism? New art techiques?)
Check your answers when you’re done.

26. “New” (?) Techniques Medieval art Renaissance art
Egg tempera and woodcarvings were common
Flat, no perspective
Symbolic
Religious
clothed/censored
Unrealistic
Sculpture “bas relief”
Gothic Architecture (flying buttresses, stained glass, sculptures and illuminated manuscript)
Renaissance art
Frescoes, oil paintings
Perspective
Lifelike
Religious and secular themes
Free-standing sculpture
Greco-Roman (you know, columns and stuff) and Dome architecture

27. Gothic
Flying Buttresses
Religious subject matter 

28. Flat painting – no perceived depth

29. WE HAVE PERSPECTIVE!
Depth Perception and looks like a “picture”

31. School of Athens – Raphael

32. Pythagorus
Raphael -looking out
Plato and Aristotle

33. Labeled School of Athens

34. The Sistine Chapel - Michelangelo
First look is of God reaching for Adam
Second pic is of someone looking down the hall
Third pic is detail of the Last Judgment only (done 3 decades after the ceiling as the Pope lay dying-never saw work); fig leaf campaign; St Bartholomew flaying himself; face is Michelangelo

35. DAVID
*Florence
*Two years to complete
*Fractured
*Religious symbol meant for church, but placed outside a government building
*Placement turns it into a symbol of civic liberties.
*Florence vs Medici

36. Pieta – Michelangelo (@Vatican)

37. Content Check #3
Define vernacular. How does it represent the Humanism movement? Give examples including books/writings.
What is the political setup of the Italian City-State and why were they city-states not one country?
Why does Italy become THE center of the Renaissance? Why does it begin in Italy?

38. Literature Middle Ages Renaissance
Major Test Idea
Middle Ages
Theology, law, history were dominant themes
Wrote mostly in Latin
Legendary themes on the feats of knights
Renaissance
First modern writers (Humanists)
Wrote in the vernacular
Sonnets, biographies
Secular tales, political and social themes

39. The Renaissance Man and Woman Pg. 429 (7th) & Pg. 391 (10th)
Men
Charming, witty
Well-educated, especially in the classics
Talented in the arts
Talented in warfare skills (riding, wrestling, fencing)
Collectively called “virtu”
Example: Leonardo da Vinci
Women
Charming
Educated in the classics
Inspire and be a patron of (not necessarily create) art
Example: Catherine Medici
Major Test Idea

40. Breaking Out of the Mold: Christine de Pizan The Book of the City of Ladies
“I am amazed by the opinion of some men who claim they do not want their (women) to be educated because their mores (morals) would be ruined…..you can clearly see that not all opinions of men are based on reason..”

41. Vernacular Literature
Dante’s Divine Comedy a symbolic pilgrimage through hell, purgatory, and paradise to God
Criticism of some church authority
Tension that existed between church and people

42. Canterbury Tales- journey to shrine in England
Materialistic and worldly views
People in England the Church
The Black Death
Geoffrey Chaucer

43. Dediderius Erasmus was a Christian humanist from Holland
Believed in Christianity of the heart not of ritual and rules
Wrote The Praise and Folly which poked fun at:
Priest, Merchants, Scholars, and Heartsick Lovers
Believed all people should study the Bible
Always said he was not directly attacking the institution of the Roman Catholic Church

44. The City-States of Italy
Politically
Usually principalities or republics with constitutional oligarchies dominated by wealthy, powerful families
Economically
Were economically successful due to their geographic location as a point of exchange between east and west. Printing and textile manufacturing were also profitable.
Development of banking in the 14th century helped finance trade and commerce, which will revive along with the population following the Black Plague
Socially
Merchant capitalism eroded the power of the nobility
Fat people included elite, nobles, wealthy merchants and manufacturers
The “middle people” included small merchants and artisans
“Little People” made up the bulk of the population and included everyone else

45. Why Italy?
Italy had many cities – cities were places where ideas and technology are exchanged
Italy had a strong merchant and banking class with a lot of power and money who were “patrons of the arts”. This class supported the idea of Humanism (individual achievement v. nobility)
Artists and scholars were inspired by what was around them (remnants of the past)

46. Major Places Florence – wealthiest city Venice and Genoa
Textiles and printing
The ‘florin” became the standard for coins
Wealthy banking industry
Venice and Genoa
Also banking cities
Shipbuilding and insurance
Trade link to Constantinople and Asian land routes
Rome – home of the Vatican and Papacy
Money brought in from tithes (vocab check!)
Tourism to the holy city boost the economy

47. Major Players Architecture Sculpture and Art Literature Patrons
Brunelleschi
Sculpture and Art
Michelangelo
Donatello
Leonardo da Vinci
Raphael
Gentileschi
Literature
Petrarch
Boccaccio
Machiavelli
Castiglione
Mirandola
Pisan
Patrons
Medici
Church
D’Este

48. Role of the Artist
Middle Ages
Renaissance

49. Content Check #3
Define vernacular. How does it represent the Humanism movement? Give examples including books/writings.
What is the political setup of the Italian City-State and why were they city-states not one country?
Why does Italy become THE center of the Renaissance? Why does it begin in Italy?

50. Northern Renaissance
England, France, Germany and Flanders (part of France and the Netherlands)

51. Content Check #4
Identify the characteristics of Northern Renaissance. (include what makes them different from Italy)
What is the North’s relationship with God? Explain
Who are the major Northern Renaissance people?
Compare the Italian vs Northern Writers. Use the handouts given and assigned questions to complete this task.
To what extent and in what ways did women participate in the Renaissance? Give specific examples to support your analysis

52. Why Northern Europe?
Cities and population grew rapidly after the plague and war years
It started in Flanders, where the economy was strong due to the wool industry and long distance trade
In England and France, growing monarchies were patrons of the arts – in Northern Europe, it will be your merchant classes with A LOT of money
In 1494, War with France began and many Italian artists and writers fled to safer parts of Europe

53. What Makes It Special?
Literature - Christian Humanists sought to combine Humanism with a deep Christian faith. They urged devotion to God, however they also encouraged Church reform and social justice
Oil Painting was developed, although there are few sculptures
Artistic themes peasant life, as well as life-like portraits. Although religious faith was stronger in the North, religion was not a common theme
Playwrights such as William Shakespeare will write with a deep understanding of human nature and express themes people can still relate to today
The church was not a major patron of the arts, although many monarchs will be

54. Major Players Patrons Artists Writers Inventors Fuggers Elizabeth I
Durer
Holbein
Van Eyck
Brueghel
Vermeer
Rembrandt
Writers
Erasmus
More
Rabelais
Cervantes
Shakespeare
Inventors
Gutenberg

55. Brueghel
How does this depict the ideals of Renaissance?

58. Arnolfini Wedding by Van Eyck Pg. ?? In notebook

59. Holbein the Younger
The Ambassador
*Recognize the King?

61. Compare Italian Renaissance Da Vinci, Mona Lisa, c. 1503
Northern Renaissance
Vermeer, Girl with a Pearl Earring, c. 1665
Oil (18.31 × 15.75 in)
Italian Renaissance
Da Vinci, Mona Lisa, c. 1503
Oil (30 in × 21 in)
Mona Lisa of the North was restored in the 1990’s and thought that the eyes looking at the viewer have been greatly enhanced; the pearl should be the focal point. Circa 1665; signed IVMeer.

62. Quentin Massys; Where?

63. Compare Italian Renaissance Writers: Northern Renaissance Writers:
Machiavelli, The Prince
Castiglione, The Courtiers
Northern Renaissance Writers:
Erasmus, In Praise of Folly
More, Utopia

64. Renaissance Legacy
The Renaissance marked a break from medieval ideals which focused on the church, to more secular attitudes
Dignity of the individual prompted democratic ideals
Greco-Roman classical styles were reborn
The printing press, vernacular literature and humanism promoted learning
Humanism focused on individual achievement
Christian Humanists fostered reform in religion, politics and the church

65. Task Analysis & Thesis Statements
Analyze the influence of Humanism on the visual arts and literature of the Italian Renaissance. Use at least three specific works to support your analysis
To what extent and in what ways did women participate in the Renaissance? Give specific examples to support your analysis
Compare the Northern and Italian Renaissance with regard to art and literature

66. Additional LEQs
Identify and Explain how ideas of the Renaissance were used to promote personal, political, and religious goals.
(hint: Unit 4 will show how leaders used these ideas to expand taxes, expand military, and determine the religious preferences of the country)