1. 8/23/17 Bell Ringer
1. Rank the following occupations in the US: teacher, lawyer, salesperson, factory worker, computer programmer, waitress, farm worker, nanny.
2. Which do Americans consider the most valuable and respected?  
3. Why did you rank them this way?

2. PEOPLE AND IDEAS ON THE MOVE
UNIT #2
PEOPLE AND IDEAS ON THE MOVE

3. ANCIENT INDIA

4. Established Caste system
CONQUERERS
Aryans in India
Established Caste system

6. MIGRATIONS Unexplained Migrations
Migrations: movements of people from one region to another
Influences:
1. Government
2. Warfare between Nomadic Radiers and Civilized Peoples
= Advancements in Military Organization and Technology
Unmatched elsewhere in the world

7. Aryan Invasion Aryans invaded around 1500 BCE
Indus, then Ganges valleys
illiterate
Horse and herding culture
Vedas and Caste system
Foundation of Hinduism
Feudal Kingdoms spread through India
ruled by Brahmins (Priests)

8. ARYAN’S TRANSFORM INDIA
#2 KSHATRIYAS
Aryans: Indo- European group, areas north of Black and Caspian Seas
chariot warriors who took control of India
Light-skinned
Vedas: collection of books originating in Ancient India
Hinduism grew out of Vedas
#3 VAISHYAS

9. Caste System Develops
Castes: social system that still has influence on India today
permanent castes for life
only can marry within caste
#4 SUDRAS
#5 DALITS

10. VEDAS Aryans sacred literature 4 Collections of Vedas
Gives insight into Aryan life
4 Collections of Vedas
Within each Veda = 4 parts:
hymns, rituals, theologies & philosophies
The most important of the collections = the Rig Veda
Contains 1,028 hymns to Ayran gods
For many years no written form of the Vedas existed
Passed on this tradition orally to the next generation

11. Primary Source Reading: “The Rig Veda”
Vedic Hymns = emphasize the importance of gods and nature in Indian life and ponder timeless questions, such as the origin of the Universe
Personification: a description of something non-human as if it were human

12. 8/24 Bell Ringer Get out your Rig Veda Homework
Make your own Caste system based on the United States Society.
Top
Who would be in each section? And explain why. (sentences)
Bottom

14. ARYANS BACKGROUND: PRE-ARRIVAL TO INDIA
Organized into 4 groups
Based on their occupation
1. Brahmins (priests)
2. Warriors
3. Traders and landowners
4. Peasants or traders
group membership = determines role in society
Once in India, developed closer relations with Non-Aryans
Results: to regulate those contacts the Aryans made class restrictions more rigid

15. SOCIETY IN ANCIENT INDIA
One of effects of the Aryans coming into India was the development of a caste system.
Varna (skin color) = distinguishing feature of the system
The four major jobs came to be known as Varnas
A CASTE is a social group that someone is born into and cannot change
dictates what job you will have, whom you can marry, and with whom you can “hang-out” with
15th CE: Portugal explorers encountered this social system
to them "race system"
called it "casta" that means race in Portuguese

16. AS TIME WENT ON…. The four basic castes gradually became more complex
hundreds of subdivisions
Classical texts: caste should not be determined by birth
Overtime concept changed
Some communities developed a system in which people were born into a caste
Cleanliness and purity : very important!

17. UNTOUCHABLES
Those considered most impure due to their work lived outside the caste structure
Could only have unpleasant jobs
Tanning animal hides and disposing of dead animals
People from other castes were not aloud to have contact with
Known as “untouchables” = even their touch endangered the ritual purity of others

18. Although many see the Caste System as oppressive and harmful, there are also many who believe it has benefited India in many ways

19. Debate: Caste System more harmful? or beneficial?
Already Predetermined sides
The rest if the class period will be used to start research on your side.
MATERIALS PROVIDED BY TEACHER
These are the only MATERIALS you can use for your research.