1. Bamboo Tissue Culture to support Plantation Development
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Bamboo Tissue Culture to support Plantation Development
World Bamboo Organization, by it Secretary General Susanne Lucas whishes this seminar a lot of Success.
Mr. Kamesh, ex-WBO Chairman, wishes the same and bring his best regards to his friends from China, INBAR present in this Seminar. Mr. Kamesh is in East Timor setting up a bamboo housing industry in cooperation with UNIDO.
This presentation will focus on Plantation but also on the problems bamboo faces to recognized for plantations and future development in Indonesia.
The key of our technology is the “root” development of Tissue Culture Plants.
BPDAS dan PS
Jakarta
Februari 17, 2012
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

2. Bamboo resources & revenue
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Bamboo resources & revenue
Bamboo Plantation in Asia
Total revenue - in million USD .
World wide are 37 Million ha of bamboo, with 1.5 Billion people depending on bamboo.
In Asia we have 24 Million ha, or 65% of all the bamboo on earth, 3rd after India, Indonesia approx 2.2 M ha (consensus of early 2000)
2009 in China: bamboo industry has provided more than 35 million jobs, making the sector part of the new drive in the economic development of the world's largest agricultural country, with BU.S dollars total turn-over.
Or supported bamboo 35 million jobs, or 1 ha of bamboo = 6 jobs.
China’s Government approach is to coordinate and support bamboo, made it possible to develop end products from handicraft, utensils, ply-bamboo, pulp & paper, textiles, energy, … etc.
If Indonesia would do have the same approach and industrial development as China then (reported) existing bamboo could support a work force of 13 million people.
Source: INBAR-FAO “Non Wood Forest Products -18”, World Bamboo Resources, A thematic study prepaeed in the framework of the Global Forest Resources Assessment China 5,4 Mha – 30 ton/ha – 164 million tons, Indonesia 2.1 Mha 5ton/ha or 10 million tonnes.
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

3. China = large plantations
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
China = large plantations
In China has huge bamboo area with bamboo, a mono-culture of the same species.
Due to the abundant supply and centralized located, are transport reduced to a minimum with the industry located at close range to the bamboo fields.
China is still planting yearly ha of bamboo.
Moso (Phyllostachys pubescens). Fujian Province, China
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

4. Indonesia Bamboo Building Bonanza PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Indonesia: Bamboo considered as “the poor mans wood”, but in the Western World it is considered as “Green Gold” or “the Future Wood”.
Of all species in Indonesia is the most renown the D. asper or Petung, Petung getting high marktes, because of building material:
In Bali: Greenshool, new Chocolate factory : biggest bamboo construction in the world = m2, 3 floors, and more setting up
The consequences of this bamboo (petung) building bonanza, an increase in raw material cost due to limited or short supply.
In Yogya: before 2.5 USD/pole to now 10 USD/pole = if you would have a 1 Ha plantation with 400 clumps and yearly harvest of culms you would make USD/year…. What other crop will bring this revenue…?
In Bali one Petung will cost 25 USD – untreated.
The consequence is that for example laminate can’t be produced anymore at a completive price – China sells at 14 UDS/m2, in Indonesia is the raw material nearly the selling price of China…
Or again supply and demand… the supply is insufficient and will become more insufficient if no plantations are made…
As is done in South America, Equador with D. asper for building materials – 3 years old, and in Thailand with D. asper for shoot production.
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

5. Bamboo Planting Ways PT Bambu Nusa Verde
China can plant bamboo since the tempered bamboo species of China do regular flower, and provide seeds that make bamboo easy to plant.
Contradictory to the tempered bamboo species, does the tropical bamboo only flower between 40 to 100 years, and then providing limited amount of seeds, sometimes not necessary maturing into new bamboos.
As alternative to get new plants is by branch cuttings, but this way is time consuming, and has a very low success rate.
Assumption for plantlets: propagation rate of x3 every six months, at least 11,000 thousand cuttings are needed to achieve results in one year.
In reality many more cuttings are needed to cover mortality at the nursery.
Availability of cuttings may be a problem. Very large nursery area is needed.
Very labor intensive . Slow multiplication rate. Bulky explants / high transport costs. After propagation at least 6 months is needed for root development.
Total time up to field planting: >24 months
Alternative is..
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

6. Solution: Tissue Culture
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Solution: Tissue Culture
World leaders:
- OPRINS, temperate bamboos,
- Bambu Nusa Verde, tropical
World leaders:
OPRINS, Belgium, temperate bamboos, started in 1985 – main supplier for European market.
Mr. Jan Oprins came to Indonesia – in to verify if his tropical bamboos did grow... (see later slides)
Bambu Nusa Verde, tropical bamboos, Foreign investment company that started with a trial set-up in 2000 at Kaliurang, and relocated to Pakem, to make laboratory with reseach center, greenhouse and nursery.
empolying 25 people, 15 in laboratory, 4 trained in Belgium, and 10 trained by Belgian experts in Yogya.
Capable of producing plants a month, 21 different bamboo species, and doing research on 14 new species.
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

7. Tissue Culture Process
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Tissue Culture Process 1 2
fail
fail 6 5 4 3
fail
Pre-laboratory – pre-tissue culture - “0”: Preparation, selection of bamboo types, collection of the nodal pieces.
Preparation in vitro culture.
Laboratory – tissue culture process, temperature & humidity controlled “1”: Initiation, Nodal pieces of mother plant sampled, sterilized and initiated.
“2”: TC propagation via branching, Genetic control process, timulations of branching creation
“3”: Rooting introduction: Genetic control process, Stimulation of rooting creation.
Greenhouse – acclimatization room: “4”: Transplanting to greenhouse, hardening of in trays with coco peat or soil.
Transfer to acclimatization tunnels, humidity and temperature control.
“5” Production of liners Full grown in trays/plugs (30 cm) Transfer to the nursery site or final planting location.
Nursery – ready for planting at remote location - “6”: Nursery / planting ready, Transfer into poly-bag of 1liter.
When full grown in poly bag (100 cm), ready to be planted on final location.
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

8. Mother Plants

9. grown ideal conditions
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Advantage of Bamboo Tissue Culture Starting with 1 propagule thousands of plants can be made by TC in 1 year ! Traditional Propagation is very slow in comparison to Tissue Culture
elite genotypes
grown ideal conditions
vigorous growers
uniform plants
selection of mother plants based on healthy and big and young plants
plantlets are grown sterile, free virus and pests, which makes them stronger for later
multiplication or propagation is huge
plantlets small, compact easy for packing, transport and planting
root development is stimulated during TC process and makes superior root development in the field resulting in vigorous growth.
make early clump formation, uniform in size and yield
best market value compared to other types of bamboo multiplications
large quantities can be provided at a well defined time
increased biomass
higher yield
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

10. Re-greening Gunung Batur Bali
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Re-greening Gunung Batur Bali
1st year
2nd year
1st year
3nd year
1st year
Started in cooperation with a local NGO in Bali (Yayasan Lingkungan Asri Bersemi)
Field trials of tissue cultured bamboo species in selected plots in Munduk, Karengasem, and Kintamani, in the North of Bali, started in 1998.
Bambusa vulgaris = Bambu ampel
Dendrocalamus asper = Bambu petung
But bamboo must have a function or end-product, else there is no interest and no future.
3rd year
5th year
7th year
7th year
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

11. Rehabilitation Coal mining
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Rehabilitation Coal mining
April 2011
April mnth
April 2011
Nov. 2011
April 2011
PT Kaltim Prima Coal, Sengata, East Kalimantan
Species (ex-polybag): Bambusa tuldoides, B. balcooa, B. bambos, B. vulgaris
Ordered June 2010, delivered July 2010 in bare root form (air shipment)
Transferred to Polybag, acclimatized one month, planted end August
on ex-coal mining soil, combined with mixed crops.
Above pictures show the bamboo growth in April 2011 (8 month planted).
PT Adimitra Baratama Nusantara, Sangasanga, East Kalimantan
Species (ex-polybag): Bambusa tuldoides, B. bambos, Dendrocalamus asper
Ordered & delivery in February 2011 in bare root form (air shipment)
Transferred to Polybag, acclimatized one month, planted in April
on ex-coal mining soil, combined with mixed crops (pineapple).
applied only fertilizer when planted
less few ten dead after transport, planted 20 ha (4ha KO)
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

12. Bamboo Plantation 4 April 2011 13 Januari 2012 12 PT Bambu Nusa Verde
PT Kaltim Prima Coal, Sengata, East Kalimantan
Species (ex-polybag): Bambusa tuldoides, B. balcooa, B. bambos, B. vulgaris
Ordered June 2010, delivered July 2010 in bare root form (air shipment)
Transferred to Polybag, acclimatized one month, planted end August
on ex-coal mining soil, combined with mixed crops.
Above pictures show the bamboo growth in April 2011 (8 month planted).
PT Adimitra Baratama Nusantara, Sangasanga, East Kalimantan
Species (ex-polybag): Bambusa tuldoides, B. bambos, Dendrocalamus asper
Ordered & delivery in February 2011 in bare root form (air shipment)
Transferred to Polybag, acclimatized one month, planted in April
on ex-coal mining soil, combined with mixed crops (pineapple).
applied only fertilizer when planted
less few ten dead after transport, planted 20 ha (4ha KO) 12
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011 12

13. Overseas Customers PT Bambu Nusa Verde Export to South Africa.
In the smallest possible form = tissue culture ex-labo.
To a greenhouse that is a copy of greenhouse in BNV.
When hardening out the plantlets
Then moved to a remote nursery to grow-up till planting (Eastern Cape Province)
The final end-product will be electricity made by gasification of the bamboo.
Species we export Bambusa balcooa, B. bambos,
Dendrocalamus asper with end-destination Congo, as biomass to supply electricity .
Generation in Europe.
Idea of production: for Congo the order was received on 18 Aug, on 25 October plants left BNV = 10 weeks later.
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

14. Growth of Dendrocalamus asper ~ 1 / 2
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Growth of Dendrocalamus asper ~ 1 / 2
Ex-tissue culture
How does TC perform:
1 May 2010 = planted from polybag: Culms: 7 – Diameter (max): 7 mm. High (max): 1.05 meter Out of bottle: 7 months
30 July (+3 mnth); Culms: 10; Diam: 1.4 cm: High: 1.50m (new culm)
March 2011(10 mnth) ; Culms: 15 – Diam: 7cm ; High: 7.10 meter ; Max. growth: 37cm/day ; 2 shoots/month during rainy season
Date: 1 March 2011(10 mnth)
Culms: 15 – Diam: 7cm
High: 7.10 meter
Planted: 1 May 2010
Culms: 7
Date: 30 July (+3 mnth)
Culms: 10; Diam: 1.4 cm:
Location Jagakarsa, Jakarta
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

15. Growth of Dendrocalamus asper ~ 2 / 2
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Growth of Dendrocalamus asper ~ 2 / 2
BNV bamboo growth – Jagakarsa, Jakarta.
Clump age (months)
Total culms
Thickest culm (cm)
(ground)
Tallest culm (meter)
1/5/2010 (planted) 7
0.7
1.05
+4 months 11
1.7
1.70
+8 months 13
4.3
4.00
+12 months 16
7.3
7.10
+16 months (1/11) 23
9.0
9.00
May 25, 2011: shoot no 16, 1.20 meter
Indonesian Forestry Research Institute Bogor,
Ir. Sutiyono, “Cultivation Series No.8. Planting Dendrocalamus asper Back.”, (from cuttings)
Comparing to plantlets made by branching and Tissue Culture.
TC gives an advantage of
4x more culms in approx the same time period.
the same thickness in half the time.
the same height in half the time.
There was no fertilizer given after planting, only regular water during dry season.
Since 10 Nov, new shoots developed now 26 or in 17 months 19 new culms – size of clump 90 x 60 cm (initial 8 x 6 cm):
If well analyzed this bamboo will outperforms any fast growing tree.
Clump age (years)
Total culms
Thickest culm (cm)
Tallest culm (meter)
1st year
2nd year
3rd year
4th year 3 5 8 13
1,3
6,7
9,8
15,2
2,5
7,2
12,4
Nov. 1, 2011: shoot no 22, 10 meter
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

16. Livelihood Generation, Poverty alleviation
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Livelihood Generation, Poverty alleviation
Picture borrowed IndoBamboo, Bali - Linda Garland’s
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

17. Bamboo shoots as vegetables
5/13/2018
Bamboo for Food
Bamboo shoots as vegetables
2010: tons of shoots are consumed,
tons produced in China. The remaining in Taiwan & Thailand.
Is in fact a vetgetable…
very low in calories, 27 calories per 100 grams, very high in fiber,
reduce bad cholesterol, (help against hart attacks), reduce pressure,
high antioxidant properties, body’s immune system.
Bamboo contains a profile of minerals, as potassium, calcium, manganese, zinc, chromium, copper, iron, plus lower amounts of phosphorus, and selenium.
Bamboo shoots have been used for centuries as an herbal remedy
to alleviate spasms in the gallbladder.
BAMBOO is considered one of the 5 most healthy foods in the world.
100118_Why Bamboo?

18. Bamboo Utensils 5/13/2018 Utensils: di ACE = 45 = 75000 Rp
Furniture: problem no borax
100118_Why Bamboo?

19. Ply-bamboo, Panels & Boards
5/13/2018
Ply-bamboo, Panels & Boards
Barajas Airport – Madrid : m2 of Bamboo ceiling
Maesk container lines: replacing tropical hardwood by bamboo = change to bamboo = 18 million containers flooring in bamboo…. They expect to do 18 years.
100118_Why Bamboo?

20. 800.000Ton Bamboo/yr -> ¼ paper
5/13/2018
Bamboo for Pulp & Paper
Indonesian: experience….
Future is to be green: invitations to be out of bamboo
China net factory:
“Guizhou” China, Ha,
Ton Bamboo/yr -> ¼ paper
100118_Why Bamboo?

21. Bamboo for the Textiles
5/13/2018
Bamboo for the Textiles
In 2001, Beijing University Discovered how to produce fabric from Bamboo.
But “..women in North Sulawesi, Indonesia - made since hundred’s of year - clothes from the fibers, this after chewing and washing the soft inner part of the culms the fibers were extracted..“ Bamboo species: Schizostachyum brachycladum
Bamboo no pesticides; but cotton uses 25% of the worlds pesticide market, and this in 143 different types of pesticides, with some very hazardous and toxic (Aldicarb – nerve agent).
Bamboo doesn’t need much water; but cotton needs liters of water to grow 1 kg cotton.
The yield per ha is between 1 to 2 ton of cotton.
Bamboo yield per ha is between 40 to 60 ton of bamboo, whereas 4 ton raw bamboo material gives 1 ton rayon pulp.
THE ALTERNATIVE for COTTON 40 – 95 % bamboo rayon
100118_Why Bamboo?

22. All bio-degradable fibers
5/13/2018
Bamboo Fibers
Alternative to flax, hemp, kenaf ,jute
on polypropylene (PP) and biodegradable polylactic acid
(PLA) and employ bamboo fibre reinforcement
Renewable, Biodegradble, low Co2 content, low cost, health & safety; strong (mechanical properties),
Can replace syntheci fibers, particulary glass
Applid I Cars, composetes, boats, bicycle, suitcases,
Bamboo matures in 4 years, but fiber can be collected after 1 year.
All bio-degradable fibers
100118_Why Bamboo?

23. Byproduct Bamboo Vinegar, used for fertilizer and preservative.
5/13/2018
Bamboo Charcoal
Protect Gorila…
Heating value is 7000 Kcal versus bamboo pellets 4.500
Charcoal for heating.
Activated Charcoal used for filter systems and industrial applications.
Byproduct Bamboo Vinegar, used for fertilizer and preservative.
100118_Why Bamboo?

24. Bamboo for Energy 5/13/2018 Biomass Chipped Pellets
1 kwh = 1.2 kg dry biomass
1 kg dry biomas = 2.8 m3 of gas
1 ha = 36 ton dry biomass = kwh
100118_Why Bamboo?

25. High-ends PT Bambu Nusa Verde Bike : Green to the Extreem
Lexus new release 2 months ago with bamboo interiior
My daughters Iphone from USA – 93 USD order and wait 3 months.
Ipad: same cover from bambooo
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011

26. Carbon Sequestration Quicker carbon fixation, compared to trees.
5/13/2018
Carbon Sequestration
Quicker carbon fixation, compared to trees.
35% more oxygen
Biomass increases 10-30% per year, to 5-10% for trees.
Carbon trading
Tobe recognized as a plant that can contribute to reduce global warming probably quicker than any other plant on earth.
100118_Why Bamboo? 26

27. Coordinated approach missing
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Coordinated approach missing
Rehabilitation + conservation
NGO
Farmers
Nurseries
Plantation
Forestry
Nat-ional Plan-ning
Board
Co-operations Pre-processing
Agriculture
Bamboo recognition
SME
Processing
machines
Industry
Products
Treatment
Energy
Housing
Industry & Trade
Conservation
Public works
Universities
In order to have success with bamboo generate MONEY – the green gold: start from number 10 on a classical watch:
- recognition: forgotten & ignored plant by Indonesia, change status from classical “poor man building material” to alternative of tropical wood, and multi end-products.
Housing: prepare for housing (& emergency) earthquake resistant.
Plantation if to be recognized as a “plantation plant”, needing nurseries.
Rehabilitations (mining) & conservation plant (water, rivers)
Farmers in cooperatives doing preprocessing, supported by SME ministry
Nurseries supply to rehab & conservation & farmers.
Industry making products, processing machine industry research by Univ.
Ministries involved: but key is Bappenas to support & make strategy.
Carbon Credits: with Min. of Environment: make investments attractive/bring cash.
REDD: Reduction on Emission from Deforestation & Forest Degradation.
CSR: corporate social responsibilities, allocated to B.
Investors/Stock market/Bamboo Funds: facilitate development of Bamboo.
In China, India, Ethiopia, are all those separate institutions coordinated by “National Bamboo Council” resulting in bringing prosperity with bamboo to many.
The double printed clouds are key to success.
Taxonomy
Environment
Carbon Credits
REDD+
CSR
Stock market
Investors
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011 27

28. “Strategi Nasional dan Rancang Tindak Pelestarian Bambu dan Pemanfaatannya Secara Berkelanjutan di Indonesia”
Released 1998, in cooperation between Ministries of Environment and Forestry
All wat I have said is nearly all in the booklet from Pak Sarwono.
But sofar not much has been implemented.

29. 5/13/2018
Bamboo Jacket
100118_Why Bamboo?

30. Terima Kasih Thank YOU <- by cutting (Age 1 year)
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
<- by cutting
(Age 1 year)
By Tissue Culture ->
Age 5+ month
Terima Kasih
Thank YOU
On 21/11 – 3 new shoots…
References:
Pictures: all by BNV/Horus Capensis – S.Africa/OPRINS, except slide 6 KPC, slide 6 ABN
Measurements: all by BNV, except slide 8 with reference to :
SERI BUDIDAYA BAMBU, TEKNIK BUDIDAYA BAMBU INDONESIA, Ir. Sutiyono
BANDAN PENELITIAN DAN KENGEMBANGAN KEHUTANAN, Bogor
Bambu No.8 “Teknik Budidaya Bambu petung (Dendrocalamus asper Back.)”, 2008
PT Bambu Nusa Verde
Jl. Mangunan, Tebonan, Harjobinangun, Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Tel: – Fax:
Int'l Seminar Bogor, Nov , 2011