1. Bacteria

2. Bacteria Smallest and simplest organisms on the planet
Also the most abundant
1 gram of soil has over 2.5 billion bacteria

3. Bacteria
Prokaryotes – single celled, no nucleus around their genetic material
Belong to either the Archaebacteria or Eubacteria kingdoms

4. General Characteristics:
The Bacteria Cell
Bacteria are located everywhere – air, water, land, and living organisms including people.
General Characteristics:
1. All are unicellular (one-celled structural level)
2. All are prokaryotic - cells that lack nucleus (no nuclear envelope) (PRO = NO nucleus)
3. All have cell walls – NO cellulose in cell walls

5. Example: E. coli Cytoplasm Genetic Material Cell Wall Cell Membrane
Flagella
Example: E. coli

6. 5. Bacteria are much larger in size than viruses.

7. 6. Bacteria usually have one of three different cell shapes:
Coccus
(Sphere-shaped)
Ex: Streptococcus
Bacilli
(rod-shaped)
Ex: Lactobacillus
Spirillum
(Spiral-shaped)
Ex: Spirillium

8. What shape?
bacillus
spirillum
coccus
spirillum
coccus
bacillus

9. How do bacteria eat?
Photosynthetic bacteria
Some make their own food from sunlight (autotrophic)
Some are scavengers
Consume other organisms or their food (heterotrophic)
Example: The bacteria in your stomach are now eating what you ate for breakfast
Some are warriors (pathogens)
They attack other living things
Example: The bacteria on your face can attack skin causing infection and acne
Harmless bacteria on the stomach lining
E. Coli O157:H7
is a pathogen
USDA NIFSI Food Safety in the Classroom©
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2006

10. Bacterial Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Binary Fission
Generation Time (Doubling Time)
time required for a cell to divide
most about 1 Hr. To 3 Hrs.
E. coli minutes
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hrs.

11. Binary Fission - unchecked
E. coli - generation time of 20 min.
20 generations (about 7 hrs.)
1 million cells
30 generations ( about 10 hrs.)
1 billion cells
72 generations ( about 24 hrs.)
1 x 1021
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
cells

12. Endospore Formation
If the conditions are unfavorable, some species form a thick, protective membrane
Once the membrane is formed the bacteria is known as an endospore
Can survive in outer space on meteors! Is that how life started on our planet???

13. The Role of Bacteria in Nature
All Bad??? Diseases??
Diseases
Infections
Epidemics
Food Spoilage
Only 1% of all known bacteria cause human diseases
About 4% of all known bacteria cause plant diseases
95% of known bacteria are non-pathogens

14. Bacterial Benefits Humans
Oxygen Production (Autotrophic Bacteria created our atmosphere)
Environmental Cleanup - recycle nutrients back into the environment (sewage treatment plants)

15. D. Importance:
1. Beneficial
a. breakdown dead matter to recycle nutrients into ecosystem - decomposers

16. c. Oil spills - bacteria can digest small oil spills

17. Recombinant/synthetic DNA (Ex: Insulin)
d. Genetic
engineering—
Recombinant/synthetic DNA (Ex: Insulin)

18. intestines-both organisms benefit
e. symbiotic relationship - E. coli and our
intestines-both organisms benefit
Example: E. coli in intestines helps us digest food and make vitamins (such as Vitamin K and B-complex) In return, human intestines provide food and shelter for bacteria.
(This strain of E. coli is different from the E. coli strain that causes food poisoning.)

19. They produce various food products
cheese, pickles, sauerkraut, green olives
yogurt, soy sauce, vinegar, bread

20. Causes Disease by:
1. Destroying cells of infected organisms by breaking the cells down for food.

21. Releases toxins (poisons) which destroy cells of infected organism.
Must have access to new hosts to spread.

22. Anthrax Tetanus Strep Throat Harmful : human diseases –
strep throat, tuberculosis,
tooth decay and bad
breath, anthrax, plague,
tetanus, food poisoning
Strep Throat
Tetanus

23. b. food spoilage and poisoning – caused by
Salmonella and Staphylococcus
c. Treated with antibiotics – Some bacteria are able
to survive in presence of antibiotics that kill
other bacteria – antibiotic resistant bacteria
Note: This is why doctors tell you to take the entire amount of medicine given even if you start to feel better because if not, bacteria will have the chance to evolve and become antibiotic resistant.

24. Good Guy/Bad Guy Poster Project
Objectives:
Create a poster of either good or bad bacteria
Identify the name/type of bacteria, where it is found, how it is transmitted, how does it hurt or help us, how is it killed or allowed to thrive
Make it educational & entertaining! 

25. Things to include for your bad guy wanted poster:
Name of organism (common and scientific)
Drawing/picture with characteristics labeled and description of the organism
Where is it found? How is it transmitted? Is it infectious? Who is targeted?
How does it cause harm? What are symptoms? Have there been major outbreaks?
How can it be treated/eliminated?

26. Choose a Bad Guy: *+Pneumonia *Whooping Cough *E. coli
*Botulism *Typhoid Fever +Measles
*Cholera *Scarlet Fever +Mumps
*Tuberculosis +Herpes Herpes 2
*+Meningitis *Tetanus +RSV
*Strep Throat *Lyme Disease +AIDS
*Black Plague *Gangrene *Flesh Eating

27. Things to include for your good guy personal ad:
Name of organism (common and scientific)
Who/what does it benefit? What is it used for?
Explain the relationship
Include a drawing/picture with labeled characteristics
Where is it found? What are its needs?