1. Bulletin of atomic scientists www.thebulletin.org
Doomsday Clock
Bulletin of atomic scientists

2. About the clock: Established in 1947.
Method of reading nuclear danger.
The closer to midnight, the more dangerous the world becomes.

3. What is the threat based on?
First and foremost, these include nuclear weapons.
But they also encompass climate-changing technologies and new developments in the life sciences that could inflict irrevocable harm.

4. History of clock
1953 | Two minutes to midnight The United States and the Soviet Union test thermonuclear devices within nine months of one another.

5. History continued…
1963 | Twelve minutes to midnight The U.S. and Soviet signing of the Partial Test Ban Treaty, tensions ease after Cuban Missile Crisis.

6. History…
1968 | Seven minutes to midnight France and China acquire nuclear weapons
Who’s laughin now
Nixon?

7. History…
1969 | Ten minutes to midnight The U.S. Senate ratifies the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

8. History…
1974 | Nine minutes to midnight SALT talks reach an impasse; India develops a nuclear weapon.
You gotta be kiddin’ me!!!

9. History…
I love my military
1984 | Three minutes to midnight The arms race accelerates. Reagan continues defense spending increases.

10. Boris, I’m glad we are friends now.
History…
1991 | Seventeen minutes to midnight The United States and the Soviet Union sign the long-stalled Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)
Furthest ever from midnight.
Man, Rocky’s
Speech worked!!
Boris, I’m glad we are friends now.

11. History
1998 | Nine minutes to midnight India and Pakistan "go public" with nuclear tests.
India’s goin’ down!!!!
You too? That’s
It, I’m gonna go
Fast…

12. History
2002 | Seven minutes to midnight The U.S. announces it will withdraw from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. Terrorists seek to acquire and use nuclear and biological weapons.
Excuse me, how can I get
To the nearest black market?

13. History 2007/ Five Minutes to Midnight
North Korea tests a bomb & many believe Iran is developing a weapon

14. a nuclear power?

15. Present
2010/ 6 MINUTES TO MIDNIGHT International cooperation rules the day. Talks between U.S. & Russia. Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty are nearly complete.
Barack Obama becomes the first U.S. president to publicly call for a nuclear-weapon-free world.
The dangers posed by climate change are still great, but there are pockets of progress.

16. World’s Nuclear Arsenal 2010
The world's combined stockpile of nuclear warheads remain at a very high level: more than 22,000.
Of these, some 4,800 warheads are considered operational, of which nearly 2,000 U.S. and Russian warheads are on high alert, ready for use on short notice.

17. Best estimates based on FAS
#8: Pakistan: nuclear warheads
#7: India:
#6: Israel: 80
#5: China: 240
#4 Great Britain: 225
#3: France: 300
#2: USA: 8,500
FAS- Federation of American Scientist

18. #1 Nuclear Power
#1: Russia
11,000 warheads.

19. Cold War- drastic reductions after CW!