1. Light
Radiant energy from the sun travels to Earth in the form of light particles called photons.

2. Light
Sunlight is a mixture of different wavelengths, many of which are visible to our eyes and make up the visible spectrum (white light).

3. Light
A wavelength is the distance between the
crest of one wave and the crest of the next
wave. The shorter the wavelength, the more
energy in its photons.

4. Light
Our eyes see the different wavelengths of the visible spectrum as different colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

5. Light
We see the colors that are reflected. Those colors we do not see are absorbed. White reflects all wavelengths, black absorbs all.

6. Light
The absorption spectrum shows those
colors absorbed by individual pigment.

7. Pigments
Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments.
Pigments can be found embedded in the membranes of prokaryotes or in chloroplasts in eukaryotes.
The plants’ principle pigment is chlorophyll.

8. Pigments
The two types of chlorophyll found in plants, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, absorb light very well in the blue-violet and red regions of the visible spectrum, but not in the green region, as shown in the graph.

9. Leaves reflect green light, which is why plants look green.
Pigments
Leaves reflect green light, which is why plants look green.

10. Pigments
Plants also contain red (phicobilins), yellow (xanthophylls) and orange (carotenes) pigments that absorb light in other regions of the spectrum.

11. Pigments
Most of the time, the green color of the chlorophyll overwhelms the other pigments, but as temperatures drop and chlorophyll molecules break down, the red and orange pigments may be seen.