1. Integumentary System

2. Membranes Thin, sheet-like structures that:
Cover and protect body surfaces
Line body cavities
Line hollow organs
Cover organs
Anchor organs
Reduce friction

3. Epithelial Membranes
Composed of Epithelial tissues and specialized connective tissue
Three types of Epithelial membranes
Cutaneous
Serous
Mucous

4. Cutaneous Primary organ of the integumentary system (Skin)
Makes up roughly 16% of total body weight
Three main functions of skin
Prevents infection
Prevents desiccation
Thermoregulation

5. Serous Found only on surfaces of closed cavities
- Parietal: lines body cavities
- Visceral: cover surface of organs
- Pleura: Serous membranes in the thoracic cavity
- Peritoneum: Serous membranes in the abdominal cavity

6. Mucous
Epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior
Respiratory tract
Digestive tract
Urinary tract
Reproductive tract

7. Mucous (cont.)
Mucocutaneous junction – “Fusion” where skin and mucous membranes meet.
Junctions lack accessory organs such as sweat glands and hair
Eyelids and nasal openings are examples

8. Connective Membranes Composed of connective tissue only
Synovial membrane

9. Synovial membrane Lines the spaces between bones and joints
Smooth , slick and secrete lubricating synovial fluid

10. Skin

12. Epidermis
Outermost layer of skin, contains stratum germinativum and stratum corneum

13. Stratum Germinativum Undergo mitosis and reproduce themselves
Move towards the surface and specialize
Cells contain cytoplasm
Melanocytes produce melanin to protect from U.V.

14. Movement through the Epidermis
Cells move upward from stratum germinativum to stratum corneum (2-4 weeks)

15. Stratum Corneum Tough outer layer of epidermis
Cytoplasm in cells are replaced by keratin
Tough and waterproof
Roughly 40,000 cells are lost per minute
10 lbs per year!!

16. Dermal-epidermal junction
Thin area “glues” epidermis to dermis
If this area is damaged, blisters form

17. Hair shaft
Sudoriforis
gland

18. Dermis Mostly connective tissue Stretchable and elastic
Fingerprints develop here (dermal papillae)
Most of the appendages of skin are located here.

19. Appendages of Skin Hair Follicles - layer of skin that holds the hair
Papilla of Hair – site of hair growth
Hair Shaft- visible part of hair
Arrector Pili – muscle attached to hair (goose bumps)
Meissner’s Corpuscle – senses light touch
Sebaceous Glands – secrete oil (sebum) to prevent the skin from drying
Sudoriforis Glands

20. Sudoriferous Glands Eccrine Apocrine Most numerous
Distributed over the total body surface
Produce perspiration
Eliminates ammonia and uric acid
Maintains constant temperature
Apocrine
Found in armpit and around the genitals
Secrete thicker, milky secretion

22. Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue
Insulates the body from extremes of heat and cold
Source of stored NRG
Pads and protects underlying tissues

23. Functions of Integumentary System
Protection
Thermoregulation *
Prevent infection *
Sense organ activity
Prevent desiccation *

24. Disorders of the Skin

25. Lesions Any measurable variation from the normal structure of skin
Freckles
Warts
Blisters
Scratch
Acne

26. Burns Damage to the skin resulting from: Extreme heat Extreme cold
Overexposure to U.V. rays
Contact with electric current
Chemicals

27. 1st degree Minor discomfort Reddening of skin Mostly epidermis damaged
Tissue destruction minimal
Example - sunburn

28. 2nd degree Blisters Severe pain Damage to appendages of skin
Deep epidermis and dermis damaged

29. 3rd degree
Complete destruction of the epidermis, dermis, and part of the SCFT
Lesions are insensitive to pain
Patients rarely die from the burn itself
(complications)

30. “Rule of Nines”
Used to determine the extent of a burn

31. Infections
The skin is the body’s first line of defense so it is commonly infected
Impetigo: staph infection
Tinea: Ringworm, jock itch, athlete’s foot
Warts: caused by the papilloma virus

32. Skin Cancer Abnormal cells reproduce uncontrollably
Risk factors include:
Genetic predetermination
Excessive exposure to UV radiation
Stress

33. Squamous cell carcinoma
Most common type of skin cancer
Slow growing
Cancer will metastasize (invade other organs) if not treated

34. Basal cell carcinoma Usually occurs on the upper face
Begins at basal layer of stratum germinativum
Less likely to metastasize than other skin cancers

35. Melanoma Most serious form of skin cancer Causes death in 1:4 cases
Often develops from moles