1. Turn around - Harbor is CLOSED! Turn around - Harbor is CLOSED!

2. We can’t take anymore. Should we declare war
We can’t take anymore! Should we declare war? Wait, wait lets think this through

3. First Continental Congress Convenes

4. Welcome to Carpenter’s Hall!
Philadelphia
Welcome to Carpenter’s Hall!

5. They all came together except…
1774
But did they all agree?

6. PA GA Patrick Henry (VA)
Our colonists want peace with Mother England
Patrick
Henry (VA)
You’re crazy! Violence is inevitable and we must be prepared. PA GA

7. Results compromise
Next meeting…1775
Declaration of Rights

8. Please we don’t want to fight! We just want a voice!
Declaration of Rights

9. Declaration of Rights
List of resolutions to “fix” the Intolerable Acts (this is what “we want”)
Precursor to the Declaration of Independence (this is what “we demand”)

10. I am the KING. You are my subjects
I am the KING! You are my subjects! When I want your opinion I will ask for it. # spoiledbrats
As a result, the Intolerable Acts stay in effect. Resentment (of GB) and boycotting of British goods grows. Colonial leaders continue to emerge to rally and unite colonists against the British tyranny.
Response to the Declaration of Rights

11. Huh? What are these words? What does he mean by liberty?
“They tell us, Sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when will we be stronger? Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace – but there is no peace. I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death.”
Who’s “we”
Why is there no peace?
What does he mean by liberty?

12. Both sides standing firm…
But in all reality, neither side (Patriot or GB) really wants to go to war
Expensive
Lost lives
Not prepared
Is it worth it? Will the alternative be better/worse?

13. Before we know it…

14. WAR ERUPTS First Battles of the Revolutionary War
Lexington (L) and Concord (W), MA
April 1775

15. Lexington and Concord History Channel Video

17. Lexington and Concord
Patriots are stockpiling weapons, stealing from British military forts
British troops travel across Massachusetts to stop the patriots
Paul Revere, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott (and eventually 40 other colonists join in) quickly rush to tell colonists that “the British are coming, the British are coming”
Not exactly though, Revere, Dawes, Prescott and others were told to be discrete about spreading the news (as to not get caught)

18. Colonists take-aways Lexington and Concord British take-aways
“Holy cow we can do it!”, we actually won one of these battles
Reality check – “we really are unorganized and need to unite”
British take-aways
“Uh, oh. These colonists already gave us an early challenge – eek! We better take them a bit more seriously.”
“We are better, stronger, trained, and equipped! If we bring our “A” game we will win!”
April 1775
Lexington (L)
Concord (W)
No real military advantage gained by either side
But these are the FIRST SHOTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR

19. We meet again…
While warfare had officially began, the Patriots gave one last ditch effort to avoid a long war

20. We meet again…
And so the Second Continental Congress once again meets:
1775

21. What did they accomplish?
Colonies/States set up local/state constitutions (that included how local government was to work, rights of “citizens” (similar to the Bill of Rights))
Creation of the Continental Army (FINALLY)
Soldiers from all colonies formed the Continental Army
Trained, organized, equipped, uniformed
Named George Washington as the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army

22. (Last sentence of the Olive Branch Petition)
We meet again…
Olive Branch Petition
And so the Second Continental Congress once again meets:
“That your Majesty may enjoy long and prosperous reign, and that your descendants may govern your Dominions with honour to themselves and happiness to their subjects, is our sincere prayer.”
(Last sentence of the Olive Branch Petition)
1775
This is our final attempt at with you, KING…

23. Full Fledged: Revolutionary War
And so it begins…
Full Fledged: Revolutionary War

24. But I bet you didn’t know –History Channel Video
The British are coming, the British are coming!
We hear stories of…
Give me liberty or give me death!
But I bet you didn’t know –History Channel Video

25. What are the basics of the Revolutionary War?
History Channel video – American Revolution

26. American Revolutionary War
War of Independence
1775–1783

27. Who? Patriots Great Britain And… Redcoats And … And … Continental Army
Loyalists/Tories
Mercenaries (Hessians)
And …
Continental Army
Revolutionaries/Rebels
And…
African Americans (5,000)
Women (roles?)

28. Where? Western Frontier Sea New England Colonies Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
Western
Frontier
Why at seas? – Britain has a strong navy, prevent goods/resources from supplying the colonists with weapons, food and manpower
Sea

29. Why? Inalienable rights of any person…life, liberty, property
King George III
Patriots
Government should protect, not abuse these rights.
We will not forfeit them, only fight for a government that is not tyrannical!

30. Outcome? 10,000 British deaths 7,500 Hessians died
VICTORY! Through almost every possible suffering and discouragement for the space of nine long years, was little short of a standing miracle.
10,000 British deaths
7,500 Hessians died
25,700 American deaths
10,000 died in camp
8,500 died in British prisons
7,200 died in battle
US – did not repay war debts they owed British merchants, nor return loyalists property
Britain - did not return runaway slaves, did not give up military outposts such as Fort Detroit

31. Treaty of Paris of 1783 Outcome? The United States was independent
Boundaries: Mississippi River (western), Canada (northern), Spanish Florida (southern)
Each side would repay its debts
The British would return any enslaved persons
Congress would recommend that states return any property they had seized from Loyalists
US – did not repay war debts they owed British merchants, nor return loyalists property
Britain - did not return runaway slaves, did not give up military outposts such as Fort Detroit

32. International Support aids the continental Army
Turning Point?
Hudson River
British were defeated at Saratoga (1777)
Saratoga, NY
International Support
aids the continental Army
British Gen. John Burgoyne travel south to capture Ft. Ticonderoga
British Gen. Howe travel north on the Hudson River to meet Burgoyne
To meet at Saratoga and effectively cut off New England colonies from war
Burgoyne recaptures Ft. Ticonderoga but Howe travels south on the Chesapeake to capture Philadelphia (forcing delegates to leave)
Burgoyne is surrounded by the Continental Army and forced to surrender

33. British Gen. John Burgoyne travel south to capture Ft. Ticonderoga
British Gen. Howe travel north on the Hudson River to meet Burgoyne
To meet at Saratoga and effectively cut off New England colonies from war
Burgoyne recaptures Ft. Ticonderoga but Howe travels south on the Chesapeake to capture Philadelphia (forcing delegates to leave)
Burgoyne is surrounded by the Continental Army and forced to surrender

35. Geographic significance of Battle of Saratoga?
Why a turning point though?
Why did it take so long for foreign aide (FR, SP, DU) to come help the Patriots?

36. Before we get to the good stuff
War can wait…
Before we get to the good stuff
Read Franklin’s “disunited state”

37. How do we unite? Unify? Come together? Rally support?
Example: Charities – Breast Cancer Awareness

38. Were most Americans in support of the war?
Raising an Army PP

39. Join or Die Common Sense Declaration of Independence
Working on unity
Join or Die
Common Sense
Declaration of Independence

40. But how do you get everyone on the same page?
JOIN, or DIE
JOIN, or DIE Q&A – Kids Info Bits

41. Read Wikipedia article for worksheet answers
Go over wksht
Read Ben Franklin’s article
Raising an army PP

42. 1 – Peace; 2 – Early battles of Lex and Concord; 3 – Created a Continental Army; 4 – United front; 5 – Declared our freedom; 6 – its now war time! (do you think the war actually waited for the signatures of the D of I? NO!) It was happening this whole time!

43. T/F – The western boundary following the Revolutionary War was the Mississippi River.
T/F – One of the goals for the Battle of Saratoga was in capture Philadelphia (capitol of the colonies).
T/F – Join, or Die was intended to threaten the colonists into joining the war effort.
T/F – The Revolutionary War was the first time colonists had ever seen the image/message of Join, or Die.
What was the intended message of Join, or Die?

44. And now for the fighting…

45. It’s ShowTime!

46. Act out
the major
Revolutionary War
battles

47. In groups we will illustrate some of the most noteworthy battles of the Rev. War

48. Showtime What is your job in all of this? All group members:
Must take battle notes (hmwk)
Must have a speaking role
Must have an action role
Must have a minimum of one prop throughout the skit

49. Showtime What should your notes entail?
What were the circumstances that led up to the battle?
What were the events/maneuvers of each battle?
Who was there?
When did it take place?
Where did it take place?
Who won?
What was the significance of the battle?***** Goal: Depict the significance of the battle (ex. Saratoga as the turning point, Yorktown as the finale, Valley Forge as a harsh winter, etc.)

50. Who’s in
what group?
And what is
my battle?

51. Showtime Group selection
Read and take notes on the battle assigned (all group members)
Reconvene – Compare notes, discuss/determine the most important and critical facts/factors

52. Showtime Now think about how to make those facts into a skit Determine
Roles, lines, pictures, props
Practice
Be prepared to explain skit immediately following performance
PowerPoint slide or Handout required
Audience questions

53. It’s showtime!

54. Showtime Accurate battle notes
Script (copies for everyone in the group – including Miss Fetters)
Costumes (colors, pictures, flags, name tags)
Props
Background scenes
End of skit – class notes (PP or handout)
Practice

55. Timeline for Skits (2015) Pd. 2 Pd. 3,6,7
11/20 - TODAY– last day of group prep
11/23 - Perform on Monday – BH and DH
11/24 – No class
11/30 – Perform remaining battles
MUST ARRIVE TO CLASS PREPARED (costumes, copies, props and all!)
11/20 – TODAY – Battle prep
11/23 – Battle prep
11/24 –
Pd. 3 – Battle Prep
Pd. 6 & 7 – no class
11/30 – PERFORMANCE!!!!
MUST ARRIVE TO CLASS PREPARED (costumes, copies, props and all!)

56. Early Battles Both sides wanting to keep control of key city: Boston
Both sides scrambling to be better prepared for war
Gain supplies
Formulate battle plans

57. Bunker Hill
Benedict Arnold (Colonial general) returns to the base of Bunker Hill (actually Breed’s Hill) with 1,600 troops (now supplied with weapons from Ft. Ticonderoga)
2,400 Redcoats are forced to cross the harbor and fight uphill
Do not fire “until you see the whites of their eyes.” – Colonial general
Though the British retreat twice, Patriots run out of ammunition and are forced to retire
Though the British maintain control of Boston:
They suffered twice as many casualties
Patriots proved they could “hold their own”

58. Bunker Hill
Boston
Dorchester Heights

60. Dorchester Heights Attempt to regain control of Boston
Colonel Henry Knox (Continental Army) returns from Ft. Ticonderoga with heavy artillery (cannons) – traveled in depth of winter more than 300 miles
General Washington sets Patriot’s w/cannons at base of Nook’s Hill
British General William Howe rises in the morning starring at Patriot cannons
“The Rebels have done more in one night than my whole army could do in months”
British retreat to Canada

61. Common Sense Declaration of Independence
See other PP

62. Trenton – see other PP

63. Saratoga – Help from Abroad PP

64. Help from abroad – see other PP

65. One of the worst “battlefields,” but no fighting?
Valley Forge
One of the worst
“battlefields,”
but no fighting?
Liberty’s Kids – Valley Forge Video

66.
New England with its scrappy and relentless fighters, proved to be tough for the British to conquer (Bunker Hill and Dorchester Heights, Massachusetts)
In the Middle Colonies, the British were unable to control the countryside (lack of men)
The British were only able to maintain control over the coastal regions including New York City and Philadelphia

67.
British changed their strategy and decided to move the fighting to the South
Capture coastal ports
Loyalists would help Redcoats hold captured land
Free slaves to fight for the British
Fighting in the South far more brutal than in any other region
Guerrilla tactics
Closing years of the war (what else can I do?)
Exhausted troops and supplies
Retaliation
Initial success throughout the south (Savannah, GA and Charles Town, SC)
What happened at Yorktown?

68. Battle of Yorktown Read p. 136-137 (Battle of Yorktown)
Complete the center square
In the boxes surrounding the center square draw a series of pictures that illustrate the significant events of the Battle of Yorktown
Name _____________________________ Date ___________________ Pd. _______

69. Yorktown Overall…war not going well for Patriots; why? Low on money
Help from abroad had not brought a quick end to war
British had control of a lot of Southern territory + major port cities (Philadelphia, New York)
Benedict Arnold – Patriot’s gifted officer turns traitor
Who: General George Washington (P) General Lafayette (F), General Rochambeau (F) vs. General Cornwallis (B)
What: LAST MAJOR BATTLE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION!
Where: Yorktown, VA
When: October 19, 1781 (surrender)

70. French
Yorktown
British commander Cornwallis leads 7,200 soldiers from Carolina to Yorktown, VA
Gen. Lafayette given strict instructions to not allow Cornwallis to escape by land
Generals Washington and Rochambeau come quickly to help trap Cornwallis
The steady attacks wore down British defenses
October 19, 1781 – “It’s all over”
16,000

71. Treaty of Paris Following colonial victory at Yorktown
British has limited money to replenish military/they don’t want to put any more time/money/resources into protecting an area not wanting to remain British
Britain enters into peace talks with America (truce)

72. Treaty of Paris
Two years to hammer out the details of treaty ( )
Ben Franklin a leading American delegate/negotiator
Where….Paris, France

73. Treaty of Paris of 1783 Outcome? The United States was independent
Boundaries: Mississippi River (western), Canada (northern), Spanish Florida (southern)
Each side would repay its debts
The British would return any enslaved persons
Congress would recommend that states return any property they had seized from Loyalists
US – did not repay war debts they owed British merchants, nor return loyalists property
Britain - did not return runaway slaves, did not give up military outposts such as Fort Detroit

74. Treaty of Paris Official end to the American Revolutionary War
Great Britain recognized United States independence (so did other nations)
America’s right to settle and trade west of the original thirteen colonies
America’s borders extend to the Mississippi River
Whose land did the British just give away?

76. Comparison with French and Indian war changes in boundaries

78. Treaty of Paris Each side would repay its debts
The British would return any enslaved persons
Congress would recommend that states return any property they had seized from Loyalists
five-member commission to negotiate a treaty–John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson (doesn’t leave US in time to be a part of the process), and Henry Laurens

79. Free at last!
Freedom Reigns!

80. Redcoat/ “Lobster back”: British soldier/military
Which side did I fight for?
Patriot: someone who feels a strong support for his/her country
Which side did I fight for?

81. mercenary: paid, foreign soldier; no loyalty or support for the cause (ex. Hessian)
Which side did I fight for?
Loyalist/Torie: colonist siding with the British
Which side did I fight for?

82. Minutemen: local colonial militias, ready in a “minute”, informal military training
Which side did we fight for?