1. Help Wanted Position: President of the United States
Job description: Leader of the United States Executive Branch (see Art. II of the U.S. Constitution for further details
Qualifications: a. b. c.
Qualities
What are the differences between qualifications and qualities?...
What kind of qualities are necessary to be president??
Hillary??

2. Constitutional Qualifications
Must be at least 35 years old
Must have lived in the United States for 14 years
Must be a natural born citizen *

3. Demographic Characteristics of U.S. Presidents
69% politicians
62% lawyers
>50% from the top 3% wealth and social class
0.5% born into poverty (James Garfield)
69% elected from large states
100% male
98% Caucasian
97% Protestant
82% of British ancestry
77% college educated *

4. Formal Powers of the President
Article II Excerpts Activity Circle all of the formal powers given to the President…then answer Questions 1, 2 Preview Constitutional Foundations Notes Sheet. What do you know/understand?

5. Presidential Benefits
$400,000 tax-free salary
$50,000/year expense account
$100,000/year travel expenses
The White House
Secret Service protection
Camp David country estate
Air Force One personal airplane
Staff of
Christmas at the White House, 2004 *

6. I. Constitutional Qualifications?
Constitutional Foundations of the Presidency
I. Constitutional Qualifications?
(a) 35 years old; (b) natural born citizen; (c) lived in the US for 14 years
II. Need for a strong executive?
* Checks and balances…Counter legislative power . Remember the founders thought the legislative branch would be the most powerful.
* Carry out foreign policy
III. Formal (Enumerated) powers of the President
a. Foreign policy
i. Diplomatic
1. Treaties
2. Executive agreements
3. Recognition…w/congressional approval
ii. Military: Commander in Chief???
b. Domestic Policy
i. appointment power
ii. Veto power
iii. Pardon power
1. pardons
2. reprieves
3. amnesty
iv. Inform, Convene, and Prorogue Congress…State of the Union

7. “…He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed…”
Constitutional Foundations of the Presidency
(continued)
IV. Take Care Clause
“…He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed…”
Does this give the President “implied “ powers?
What about inherent powers?
a. executive power
b. executive orders?
c. executive privilege?

8. Hail to the Chief *

9. Hail to the Chief Read pp
Hail to the Chief Read pp and describe the following roles of the president:
Chief of State Chief Executive
Chief Administrator Chief Diplomat
Commander In Chief Chief Legislator
Chief of the party Chief citizen
Chief Economist

10. Presidential Roles *

11. Chief of State Queen Elizabeth and President Reagan, 1983
President Kennedy speaks at Berlin Wall, 1963 *

12. Chief Executive
President Clinton with Janet Reno, the first female Attorney General,
February, 1993
President Bush holds cabinet meeting
in October, 2005 *

13. President Obama at the G8 Summit
Chief Diplomat
President Obama at the G8 Summit *

14. Commander-in-Chief President Johnson decorates a soldier
in Vietnam, October, 1966
President Bush aboard U.S.S. Lincoln, May, 2003 *

15. Chief Legislator
President Clinton delivers the State of the Union Address, 1997
President Roosevelt signs into law the Social Security Act, 1935

16. Chief of the Party
President Reagan & Vice-President Bush accepting their party’s nomination in 1980

17. Chief Citizen President Bush at Ground Zero after 9-11
President Obama speaks after Sandy Hook

18. Chief Administrator

19. Moral Persuader?Chief Economist?
President Roosevelt and the “New Deal,” 1930’s
President Lincoln during the Civil War, 1862

20. Formal Powers of the President…Review
Constitutional or enumerated powers of the presidency
Found primarily in Article II of the Constitution *

21. Formal Powers: Commander-in-Chief
Commander in Chief of the Army & Navy
Commander in Chief of the state militias (now the National Guard)
Commission all officers *

22. Formal Powers: Chief Executive
“Faithfully execute” the laws - The Ordinance power
Require the opinion of heads of executive departments
Grant pardons/reprieves for federal offenses except for cases of impeachment - Clemency
Nominate judges of the Supreme Court and all other officers of the U.S. with consent of the Senate
Fill vacancies that may happen during recess of the Senate *

23. Formal Powers: Chief Executive
Nominate judges of the Supreme Court and all other officers of the U.S. with consent of the Senate *

24. Formal Powers: Chief Executive
Fill vacancies that may happen during recess of the Senate: “Recess Appointments” *

25. Formal Powers: Foreign Affairs
Appoint ambassadors, ministers and consuls
Make treaties subject to Senate confirmation
Receive ambassadors *

26. Formal Powers: Chief Legislator
Give State of the Union address to Congress
Recommend “measures” to the Congress
Upon “extraordinary occasions” convene both houses of Congress
May also “prorogue” Congress *

27. Formal Powers: Chief Legislator (cont.)
Presidential Veto
Veto Message within 10 days of passing the House of origin
Pocket Veto - President does not sign within 10 days, and Congress ends its session within that timeframe
Congress can override with 2/3 majority from both Houses
Veto Politics
Congressional override is difficult (only 4%)
Threat of veto can cause Congress to make changes in legislation *

28. Informal Powers and the growth of presidential power
Those powers not explicitly written in the Constitution
Similar to “necessary and proper” powers of Congress
In the modern era (since 1933), the President’s informal powers may be significantly more powerful than his formal powers
Remember the “Take Care Clause?” *

29. Executive Orders
Orders issued by the President that carry the force of law
Clinton’s “Don’t ask don’t tell” gays in the military policy
FDR’s internment of Japanese Americans
GWB trying suspected terrorists in military tribunals
Notice for Japanese “relocation,” 1942 *

30. Executive Orders

31. Executive Orders

32. Executive Privilege
Claim by a president that he has the right to decide that the national interest will be better served if certain information is withheld from the public, including the Courts and Congress
United States v. Nixon (1973) – presidents do NOT have unqualified executive privilege (Nixon Watergate tapes) *

33. Executive Privilege:
Fast and Furious
Obama Executive Privilege Marks 25th Time A President Has Exerted The Right

34. Executive Agreements
International agreements, usually related to trade, made by a president that has the force of a treaty; does NOT need Senate approval
Jefferson’s purchase of Louisiana in 1803
GWB announced cuts in the nuclear arsenal, but not in a treaty; usually trade agreements between
US and other nations *

35. Informal Powers of the President Reading and Response
Independent Practice:
Informal Powers of the President Reading and Response

36. What drives popularity up? What brings popularity down?
Using and Shaping Public Opinion
What drives popularity up?
What brings popularity down?
What tends to happen to presidential approval ratings right after they take office?
What do you think the general trend is in regard to approval ratings over the course of a presidency? Why?

37. Rally ‘round the flag
Going Public

38. Persuasion JFK

39. President Obama: The White House Today

40. The Founders’ Great Mistake
How was the creation of the presidency the founders’ “most creative act?”
Why so little detail in Article II?
How did the Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 set the precedent for executive agreements?
How did Hamilton view the president’s power differently than the legislative branch’s powers? How did the Bush Presidency mirror this idea? (The “unitary” president: p.77, Col. 2, Paragraph 2)
How did slavery impact the system of presidential election?
What is a “runaway president?”
What signals that a mid-term president has lost his/her mandate?

41. President Harry S. Truman
"I sit here all day trying to persuade people to do the things they ought to have the sense to do without my persuading them. That's all the powers of the President amount to."
Truman, 33rd President, *

42. President John F. Kennedy
“No easy problem ever comes to the President of the United States. If they are easy to solve, somebody else has solved them.”
President Kennedy’s nationally televised address during the Cuban Missile Crisis, October, 1962 *

43. President Lyndon B. Johnson
“The presidency has made every man who occupied it, no matter how small, bigger than he was; and no matter how big, not big enough for its demands.”
President Johnson,
36th President, *

44. President Richard M. Nixon
"Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the manner in which the president personally exercises his assigned executive powers is not subject to questioning by another branch of government."
In the aftermath of the Watergate scandal, President Nixon departs the White House after his resignation, Aug., 1974 *

45. President George W. Bush
“To those of you who received honors, awards, and distinctions, I say 'Well done.' And to the C students, I say 'You, too, can be president of the United States.'”
President George W. Bush, speaking at Yale University's 300th commencement ceremony
President Bush, 43rd President, *

46. President Obama, 44th President, 2009-2016
“The future rewards those who press on. I don't have time to feel sorry for myself. I don't have time to complain. I'm going to press on.”
President Obama
President Obama, 44th President, *

47. Small Group Act.: Analyzing Presidential Decisions
Submit quiz and extra-credit
HW for Thursday: “The White House Office”