1. QOD 3/13/17
WELCOME TO CHAPTER 6-
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
1. List 3 of the primary functions of the skeletal system:
2. What shape is the bone on my desk?
3. What is another name for the shaft of a long 
bone?

2. SKELETAL SYSTEM
What are the GENERAL FUNCTIONS?
A. Support-great architecture-hollow, but strong
B. Storage-calcium; essential mineral for bone strength, 
muscular/nerve function. Lipids as well
C.  Blood cell production-red marrow of spongy bone, 
sternum, ribs
D.  Protection-'bony boxes'-protect spine, heart, brain, 
lungs
E. Leverage for Movement-attachment sites for muscles; 
used as levers

3. • Anatomy of a long bone (coloring)
• Compact bone: found in shaft-strength; medullary cav/yellow marrow (Haversian systems/osteons)
• Spongy bone: lt. weight, strong, RBC formation, red marrow (trabeculae)

4. Why is bone considered a tissue? Why is it considered an organ?

5. Besides OSTEOCYTES, what are other CELL TYPES IN BONE?

6. How do bones grow and develop?

7. Checkpoint Questions: Discuss and answer with your group
1. How would the strength of a bone be affected if the ratio of collagen to calcium increased?
2. A sample of a long bone shows concentric layers surrounding a central canal. Is it from the shaft or the end of the bone?
3. Mature bone cells are known as ________, bone-building cells are called ________, and ________ are bone-resorbing cells.
4. If the activity of osteoclasts exceeds that of osteoblasts in a bone, how will the mass of the bone be affected?

8. Checkpoint Questions: Discuss and answer with your group
How would the strength of a bone be affected if the ratio of collagen to calcium increased?
A sample of a long bone shows concentric layers surrounding a central canal. Is it from the shaft or the end of the bone?
Mature bone cells are known as ________, bone-building cells are called ________, and ________ are bone-resorbing cells.
If the activity of osteoclasts exceeds that of osteoblasts in a bone, how will the mass of the bone be affected?
become soft, flexible
shaft
osteocytes
-blasts
-clasts
mass will decrease

9. QOD
3/14/17
1. T/F-Calcium phosphate crystals are flexible and bend easily
2. T/F-Osteoblasts are responsible for removing and recycling bone
3. T/F-There are two types of bone marrow, red and yellow
4. T/F-Spongy bone is located where bone is not heavily 
stressed, or stresses arrive from many directions
5. T/F- The periosteum lines the internal marrow cavity of a bone

10. How does bone growth differ from bone remodeling?

11. Bone is dynamic.
Why does bone repair and remodel more readily than other connective tissues?

12. What is this study telling you about the relationship of bone density to weight bearing exercise?

14. What raw materials (think diet) are required for healthy bone growth?

15. Why and how is plasma Ca+2 regulated? POGIL
Roles for this activity: PTH, Osteoporosis, and Calcium Homeostasis
Manager/Timekeeper: Manages the group. Ensures members are fulfilling their roles, assigned tasks are being accomplished on time, and all members are participating. Instructor will only respond to questions from this person. (person with the last name closest to Z)
Reader: Reads the activity out loud to the group. Volume should be loud enough for the group, but not disruptive to others. Manager prompts Reader when it is time to read next section.
Recorder/Spokesperson: Records the names and roles of the group members at the beginning of each activity. Decides what to record after group discussionThis person is also responsible for reporting orally to the class when called for in group discussions.
Quality Control/Skeptic: Observes and comments on group dynamics and behavior with respect to the learning process. Also says things like “Are we sure of this?” or “Does this sound accurate?” before the recorder finalizes responses. (person with the last name closest to A)

16. Why and how is plasma Ca+2 regulated? POGIL discussion
Calcitrol Fi
Figure in your text

18. What is the effect of aging on bones for women?

19. Checkpoint Questions: Discuss and answer with your group
1. Describe bone remodeling.
2. Why would you expect the arm bones of a weight lifter to be thicker and heavier than those of a jogger?
3. What general effects do the hormones PTH, calcitriol, and calcitonin have on blood calcium levels?

20. Checkpoint Questions: Discuss and answer with your group
Describe bone remodeling.
Why would you expect the arm bones of a weight lifter to be thicker and heavier than those of a jogger?
What general effects do the hormones PTH, calcitriol, and calcitonin have on blood calcium levels?
Old bone being destroyed by osteoclasts, new bone made by osteoblasts, rate depends on area of the body, stresses
Mechanical stress stimulates bone growth
PTH and calcitrol increases blood calcium, while calcitonin dereases blood calcium