1. PP1: Introduction Biological Science
Year 10 Science
Pembroke Secondary College
©2009

2. Unit Overview Biological Science – 8 week Unit
Content as per Victorian Curriculum 2017
Term Rotation with Chemistry and Physics

3. Topics
Genetics:
The transmission of heritable characteristics from one generation to the next involves DNA and genes

4. Assessment
Assessed on, completion of classwork, homework tasks, attendance, behaviour, effort and Exam
Specific assessment tasks;
“Vegetable People” Prac Sheet
Genetics worksheets
Research task on Genetic Disorders
Exam

5. Revision of a cell - Questions
What is a cell?
Where are they found?
What do they look like?
How big are they?
What do they do?
Are there different types?

6. Answers
A cell is the smallest component of EVERY living organism. (Animals, plants, bacteria, protozoans and fungi)
They carry out all the chemical functions necessary for an organism to survive
They are so small you need a microscope to see them Eg it would take 2000 red blood cells to go across your thumb nail
How Big?
They vary immensely in the way that they look, depending on what part of the organisms they are located
They all have similar internal structures called organelles

9. Organelles
The specialist structures inside all cells are called organelles
Plants have a slightly different cell structure to plants to cater for their ability to photosynthesize (make their own food) and to support them without a skeleton
We look at this in detail in Yr 11 Biology
In terms of genetics, we will look at the nucleus and ribosomes

10. The nucleus & chromosomes
Sometimes referred to as the brain of the cell
It coordinates all the cells activities
It contains chromosomes
Chromosomes are structures made of DNA that carry our genetic identity
Every cell in your body contains identical chromosomes
Chromosomes exist in matching pairs (one came from mum, the other from dad)
Each type of organism has a specific number of chromosomes

11. How many chromosomes? Organism Number Comment Adders tongue fern 1440
Most of any life form
Red rat
102
Most of any mammal
Carp
104
Human 46
Strawberry 56
Elephant
Potato 48
Fruit Fly 8
Earthworm 38
Kangaroo 16

12. Karyotype
A karyotype is a “map” of what chromosomes are contained in the nucleus of a particular organisms cells
Highly magnified photograph is taken of the chromosomes
The pictures of the chromosomes are literally cut out and married up with their matching pair (size and banding patterns)
The are laid out in pairs, biggest to smallest
Number 1 is the biggest, down to the smallest which is number 22
Sex chromosomes (X and Y in humans) are assigned the last spot (number 23)

13. Human Karyotype - male

14. Human Karyotype - female

15. Activity – Digital Karyotype
Complete the karyotype
If you have forgotten your netbook, you will; have to do cut and paste with scissors!!
Match not only the length, but pattern of dark and light bands along their length.
See how the band
patterns match between
these two chromosomes?