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PP1: Introduction Biological Science
Year 10 Science Pembroke Secondary College ©2009
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Unit Overview Biological Science – 8 week Unit
Content as per Victorian Curriculum 2017 Term Rotation with Chemistry and Physics
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Topics Genetics: The transmission of heritable characteristics from one generation to the next involves DNA and genes
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Assessment Assessed on, completion of classwork, homework tasks, attendance, behaviour, effort and Exam Specific assessment tasks; “Vegetable People” Prac Sheet Genetics worksheets Research task on Genetic Disorders Exam
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Revision of a cell - Questions
What is a cell? Where are they found? What do they look like? How big are they? What do they do? Are there different types?
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Answers A cell is the smallest component of EVERY living organism. (Animals, plants, bacteria, protozoans and fungi) They carry out all the chemical functions necessary for an organism to survive They are so small you need a microscope to see them Eg it would take 2000 red blood cells to go across your thumb nail How Big? They vary immensely in the way that they look, depending on what part of the organisms they are located They all have similar internal structures called organelles
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Organelles The specialist structures inside all cells are called organelles Plants have a slightly different cell structure to plants to cater for their ability to photosynthesize (make their own food) and to support them without a skeleton We look at this in detail in Yr 11 Biology In terms of genetics, we will look at the nucleus and ribosomes
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The nucleus & chromosomes
Sometimes referred to as the brain of the cell It coordinates all the cells activities It contains chromosomes Chromosomes are structures made of DNA that carry our genetic identity Every cell in your body contains identical chromosomes Chromosomes exist in matching pairs (one came from mum, the other from dad) Each type of organism has a specific number of chromosomes
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How many chromosomes? Organism Number Comment Adders tongue fern 1440
Most of any life form Red rat 102 Most of any mammal Carp 104 Human 46 Strawberry 56 Elephant Potato 48 Fruit Fly 8 Earthworm 38 Kangaroo 16
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Karyotype A karyotype is a “map” of what chromosomes are contained in the nucleus of a particular organisms cells Highly magnified photograph is taken of the chromosomes The pictures of the chromosomes are literally cut out and married up with their matching pair (size and banding patterns) The are laid out in pairs, biggest to smallest Number 1 is the biggest, down to the smallest which is number 22 Sex chromosomes (X and Y in humans) are assigned the last spot (number 23)
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Human Karyotype - male
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Human Karyotype - female
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Activity – Digital Karyotype
Complete the karyotype If you have forgotten your netbook, you will; have to do cut and paste with scissors!! Match not only the length, but pattern of dark and light bands along their length. See how the band patterns match between these two chromosomes?
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