1. Why Pursue National Interests?
Related Issue II: To what extent should national interests be pursued?
Chapter Issue: In times of conflict, to what extent are nationalism and ultranationalism expressions of the pursuit of national interests?

2. “I dread our own power and our own ambitions; I dread our being too much dreaded We may say that we shall not abuse this astonishing and hitherto unheard-of-power. But every sooner or later, this state of things must produce a combination against us which may end in our ruin.” -- Edmund Burke
Based on this quotation, what cautions does Burke have about Britain’s pursuit of national interests? What possible consequence is he predicting for Britain?

3. Ultranationalism vs Nationalism
An extreme form of nationalism
Often involve extreme patriotism
Causes conflicts and interferes with co-operation between nations
When the interests of a nation begin to interfere with other nations, these actions may lead to ultranationalism

4. Chapter Inquiry Question
How did nationalism influence the pursuit of Canadian national interests during the First and Second World Wars?
How did ultranationalism develop in Germany as an extension or expression of national interests?
What role did national interest play in the development of ultranationalism during the First and Second World Wars?

5. Nationalism in Canada during WWI and WWII
How did nationalism influence the pursuit of Canadian national interests during WWI and WWII?

6. WWI Conscription Crisis – Military Service Act, 1917 WWII Conscription Crisis
Why was Borden determined to commit Canada to sending a large number of soldiers to war?
Why did conscription act as a divisive force rather than a unifying one in this time of war?
If you had been eligible for conscription in 1917, how would you have responded? Should the national interest become the interest of all citizens during a time of crisis?

7. Internment during the World Wars:
Ukrainian Internment:
VOICES: WWI Internment in Canada (p. 174)
Japanese Internment:
Joy Kogawa’s Obasan
To what extent was the use of internment by the Canadian government during WWI and WWII based on similar pursuits of national interest?
To what extent was internment in both wars a result of nationalism or ultranationalism?

8. Development of Ultranationalism in Germany
How did ultranationalism develop in Germany as an extension or expression of national interests?

9. How does Ultranationalism Develop?
A social or economic crisis
Causes people to focus on their own needs and national interests
A charismatic, powerful leader
National symbols and myths that promote feelings of superiority

10. The Treaty of Versailles, The Great Depression and onwards
Countries in Crisis
In October of 1929, the price of stocks on the New York Stock Exchange dropped. The result of this stock market crash had dramatic effects on the American economy and on the rest of the world.
Charismatic Leaders
During the 1920’s and 1930’s, ultranationalist dictators emerged in the Soviet Union (Stalin), Italy (Mussolini), Germany (Hitler), Spain (Franco) and Japan (Hirohito). These leaders were CHARISMATIC. They inspired enthusiasm and devotion in their followers - and FEAR in people who questioned their leadership or policies. They used deadly force to put down opposition.

11. The Treaty of Versailles, The Great Depression and onwards
Instilling Ultranationlistic Values
The dictatorships in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan promoted extreme nationalist values
Domestic and foreign policies promoted these values
Strong military and police forces were built to protect them
Education was used to instil these values in children
Culture and art were also used to serve the ultranationalists’ goals and DROWN OUT opposing voices.

12. The Rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party
What role did nationalism play in Hitler’s rise to power? How did ultranationalism develop in Germany as an extension or expression of national interests?
Political indecisiveness by Britain and France caused them to follow a policy of appeasement
The annexation of the Sudetenland
Occupy the rest of Czechoslovakia, 1939
Laying eyes on Poland
Hitler was too quick for Britain