1. Geologic Eras Today’s Goal
I can list the four major divisions of geologic history in order and describe them
Homework Finish Precambrian questions at the end of the notes

2. Day 1
Complete the Geologic Time Jigsaw Activity
15 minutes max

3. Geologic Time Jigsaw ANSWER KEY

4. Precambrian Time (pg 142-143)
1. What length of time does the Precambrian cover? 4.6 BYA to 543 MYA 2. List TWO ways the earth was different during the Precambrian time compared to today. different gases in atmo; volcanic eruptions; meteor impacts; violent storms; intense radiation 3. How do scientists think life got started? simple chemicals from oceans and atmosphere 4. What gas was missing in the early atmosphere that the first organisms did not need? oxygen 5. Why was the evolution of cyanobacteria important? carried out photosynthesis; produced oxygen; used sun’s energy to make food 6. Why was the formation of the ozone layer important? protects life against harmful UV rays 7. Eukaryotes evolve about one billion years ago. How were they different from prokaryotes? larger size; has a nucleus; lead to multicellular life

5. Paleozoic Era (pg 144)
8. What length of time does the Paleozoic Era cover? MYA 9. What are rocks of this era rich with? fossils 10. What does “Paleozoic” mean? Ancient life 11. What were the first vertebrate animals to evolve? fish 12. Which major plant group did NOT evolve during this era? Flowering plants 13. What were the first animals on land? Insects were first and then eventually amphibians 14. When did reptiles evolve during this era? Late Paleozoic Era 15. What happened at the end of the era? Mass Extinction

6. Mesozoic Era (pg 145)
16. What length of time does the Mesozoic Era cover? 248 to 65 MYA 17. What does “Mesozoic” mean? Middle life 18. What was the Mesozoic Era commonly known as? Age of the reptiles 19. How long did dinosaurs dominate the Earth? 150 MYs 20. What group of organisms around today likely evolved from a group of dinosaurs? birds 21. When did flowing plants evolve during the Mesozoic Era? Late Mesozoic Era 22. Describe the hypothesis that explains how the dinosaurs went extinct. meteor hits earth, dust from the impact circles earth blocking out sun for long period of time 23. Who survived the mass extinction at the end of the Mesozoic Era? Mammals and birds

7. Cenozoic Era (pg )
24. What length of time does the Cenozoic Era cover? MYA to Present
25. What does “Cenozoic” mean? Recent Life   
26. Provide THREE examples of groups of organisms that appeared in the Cenozoic Era.
mammals; birds; insects; flowering plants
27. What is the Cenozoic Era commonly known as? 
Age of Mammals
28. How did mammals change during the Cenozoic Era?
   they became larger
29. List THREE types of mammals that existed during the Cenozoic Era but no longer exist.
   Mastodons; Saber-toothed cats; Giant ground sloths; Small horses
30. How did the climate change during the Cenozoic Era? Ice Age periods

8. Earth’s History in a Year
Purpose: To gain a perspective on the vast amount of time required for life on Earth to evolve. The scale of geologic time is vast, currently estimated at nearly 4.6 billion years. During that time, life evolved into the familiar forms we see today. These materials are provided to assist in understanding time relationships and how life on Earth changed through time. The dates shown were compiled from several available sources. TABLE 1 shows some important events in Earth history, presented in the order in which they occurred. The data are also shown on the scale of a calendar year. When geologic time is compressed to the scale of a calendar year….
1 day =12,600,000 years
1 second = about 146 years
At this scale, World War II began about 0.4 second before midnight on December 31.

9. Procedures:
1. On your worksheet “calendar” label all of the events listed on TABLE 1 on your calendar at the correct date.
Using FOUR different colored pencils, shade the time span of each of the four ERAs listed on TABLE 2 (Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Precambrian) on your calendar. Shade each ERA a different color. Label each of the Eras on your calendar by using a key located at the top of the calendar.

10. Precambrian Era Today’s Goal Homework Answer Paleozoic Questions
I can explain how life starts
I can describe earth’s early atmosphere
I can understand the importance of cyanobacteria
Homework Answer Paleozoic Questions

11. Precambrian Time accounts for 85% of Earth’s History!!
The Geologic Time Scale
The standard method used to divide the Earth’s long natural history into manageable parts
Precambrian Time accounts for 85% of Earth’s History!!

12. The center of Earth was melted by great pressure and intense heat.
Oldest rock found in Western Australia
An atmosphere formed as Earth cooled.
primitive atmosphere forms from volcanic eruptions
Did NOT contain oxygen gas
Oceans form from water vapor released in eruptions & maybe comets
4.1BYA The surface of Earth cooled forming the crust
The Earth Forms
6 BYA The Solar system formed from swirling gases and dust
4.5BYA Rocks in the solar system condensed to form Earth

13. Comparison of Atmospheres

14. Where did Life Start? Ocean covered in Ice Meteorites or Comets
Hydrothermal Ocean Vents
nutrient rich, possibly with complex molecules which may have joined together to form structures such as cells
Ocean covered in Ice
extra protection from UV radiation
Meteorites or Comets
rich with building blocks of life

15. What does it mean to be living?
Be able to reproduce
Uses energy
Composed of one or more cells
Contains genetic information

16. 3.0 - 3.5 BYA Oldest fossils of bacteria (prokaryotes). Lack a nucleus
Do not need oxygen to survive

17. 3.0 BYA Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) evolve
creates energy from photosynthesis
gives off oxygen gas (beginning to form the atmosphere of today)
Form large stromatolites (below)

18. 1.5 BYA
Eukaryotes
contain a nucleus
Evolved from prokaryotes

19. 630 MYA Multicellular organisms evolve with soft bodies
Species include: jelly fish; coral stalks; segmented worms; algae

20. Order of Events

21. Precambrian Time Earth’s Crust cools Sun forms
Left over material from our sun collides to form the planets
Earth was entirely molten
Atmosphere & oceans form
Eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus)
Oldest known rock
Cyanobacteria (photosynthetic)
Bacteria or prokaryotes (cells without a nucleus)
Multicellular life (examples: sponges)

22. Precambrian Time (Answers)
Sun forms
Left over material from our sun collides to form the planets
Earth was entirely molten
Earth’s Crust cools
Atmosphere & oceans form
Oldest known rock
Bacteria or prokaryotes (cells without a nucleus)
Cyanobacteria (photosynthetic)
Eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus)
Multicellular life (examples: sponges)

23. Day 2 What are the four major divisions of geologic history?
Using a scrap piece of paper, put your name on it and number 1-5 and answer the following challenge questions
What are the four major divisions of geologic history?
What were the first living organisms called? (HINT they did not need oxygen to survive!)
What does the word Paleozoic mean?
Mesozoic era is commonly called the _________________.
What period are we currently living in today?

24. Paleozoic Era Today’s Goal Homework NONE
I can list the 6 periods in the Paleozoic Era and events that happen in each
Homework NONE

25. Precambrian Recap!

26. Paleozoic Era Means “Ancient Life”
Life starts in the seas and moves onto land
Six periods:
Cambrian
Ordovician
Silurian
Devonian
Carboniferous
Permian

27. Cambrian Period (570-500 MYA)
Cambrian Explosion – Most major animal phyla are found in the fossil record
mostly aquatic invertebrates with exoskeletons
Burgess Shale – major fossil site located in Canadian Rockies

28. Ordovician Period (500-435 MYA)
1st vertebrates - jawless fish (filter feeders)
The vertebrate protects the spinal cord, which carries signals from the brain throughout the body.
The lamprey of today is a parasite
The hagfish is a scavenger

29. Silurian Period (435-395 MYA)
1st jawed fish
later evolved into sharks- made of cartilage
Ozone (O3) layer formed which blocks harmful UV radiation
life could evolve on land
1st land plants
mosses & ferns

30. Devonian Period (395-345 MYA)
“Age of the Fish”
1st bony fish
scales and swim bladder for buoyancy
1st insects
Arthropods-spiders & scorpions
1st vertebrates on land
Amphibians
Evolved from the lobed-fin fish which include some species of lungfish

31. View of Earth—Devonian Period (410 MA)

32. Carboniferous Period (345-280 MYA)
North America is at the equator
Tropical swamps form coal deposits
Climate is very warm
Amphibians & insects dominate and become large
Dragon flies (1 m wing span)
Cockroaches (10 cm long)
1st reptiles

33. View of Earth—Carboniferous Period (330 MA)

34. Permian Period (280-225 MYA) Reptiles dominate Pangaea begins to form
Ancestral North America collided with Africa to produce Appalachian Mountains
dry climate
ice age in the southern hemisphere
Mass Extinction
More than 90% of all marine invertebrates go extinct
70% of all land species go extinct

35. Order of Events

36. Paleozoic Era Invertebrate on land (ex. Insects & Scorpions)
Jawless fish (ex. Lamprey)
Ocean invertebrates made of soft tissue (ex. Jellyfish)
Bony fish (ex. Salmon & Flounder)
Ocean invertebrates made of an exoskelton (ex. Trilobite)
Jawed fish (ex. Shark)
Invertebrate on land (ex. Insects & Scorpions)
Greatest Mass Extinction
Land Plants
Reptiles
Amphibians
Ozone layer

37. Paleozoic Era (Answers)
Ocean invertebrates made of soft tissue (ex. Jellyfish)
Ocean invertebrates made of an exoskelton (ex. Trilobite)
Jawless fish (ex. Lamprey)
Jawed fish (ex. Shark)
Bony fish (ex. Salmon & Flounder)
Ozone layer
Land Plants
Invertebrate on land (ex. Insects & Scorpions)
Amphibians
Reptiles
Greatest Mass Extinction

38. Mesozoic Era Today’s Goal Homework Answer Homework Questions
I can list the 3 periods in the Mesozoic Era and events that happen in each
Homework Answer Homework Questions

39. Homework
Questions
What are the 6 periods of the Paleozoic Era in order?
What period did jawless fish begin to appear?
What period did the ozone layer form?
What period is considered to be “the age of the fish”?
What period did the first reptiles show up in?

40. Mesozoic Era (Age of the Reptiles)
248 million years ago to 65 million years ago
Pangaea separates
Three Periods
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous

41. View of Earth—Permian Period (260 MA)

42. Mesozoic Era (Age of the Reptiles)
248 million years ago to 65 million years ago
Three Periods
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous

43. Triassic Period (225-180 MYA)
Pangaea (supercontinent) formed

44. Triassic Period (225-180 MYA)
First Dinosaurs (small in size)
Pisanosaurus
Length:3 feet Height:1 foot Weight:15 pounds
Eoraptor:
Length:3 feet Height: 1 foot Weight:20 pounds
Lesothsaurus:
Length:3 feet Height:1 foot Weight:15 pounds

45. Triassic Period (225-180 MYA)
Conifers and cycad forests dominate (Gymnosperms)

46. Triassic Period (225-180 MYA)
First turtles and lizards

47. Jurassic Period (180-135 MYA)
Pangaea starts to separate

48. Jurassic Period (180-135 MYA)
Dinosaurs diversify and dominate

49. Jurassic Period (180-135 MYA)
Reptiles in the sea
Most with similar shapes as a dolphins or sharks
Ate fish and other marine animals
Some were VERY large
All could swim VERY fast

50. Jurassic Period (180-135 MYA)
1st mammals (small rodents).

51. Jurassic Period (180-135 MYA)
1st birds - Archaeopteryx
Jaws and bone structure like dinosaurs
Bones are hollow, like birds
Had feathers

52. Cretaceous Period (135-65 MYA)
Continents in modern positions

53. Cretaceous Period (135-65 MYA)
Dinosaurs still dominate: T. rex (carnivore) Triceratops (horned)

54. Cretaceous Period (135-65 MYA)
Angiosperms evolve & dominate
(flowering plants with fruit)

55. Cretaceous Period (135-65 MYA)
Mass Extinction: 50% of all plant and animal groups die
Alvarez’s Meteor Impact Theory-
A ~10km wide meteorite struck Earth near what is now Mexico

56. Location of Impact
Want to know more?
CLICK HERE!

57. Cretaceous Period (135-65 MYA)
Evidence of Impact: Iridium
An element that is very rare in Earth rocks and very common in meteorites
The layer of rocks above the last dinosaur bones contain ~ 160x normal levels of iridium
Called the K/T Boundary

58. How could a meteorite impact cause a mass extinction?
The impact caused shock waves, tidal waves, and sent a tremendous amount of dust into the atmosphere
As the dust re-entered the Earth’s atmosphere, it would have instantly heated the atmosphere causing tremendous forest fires
Dust from impact blocked out the sun and caused major climate change and plants to die
Plants, animals, etc. went extinct due to the climate changes and competition between organisms

59. What organisms went extinct?
What organisms survived?
All dinosaurs
Many terrestrial plants
Many marine animals
MAMMALS!
Birds
Many plants (ferns were the most successful plant for a while)
Trees with flowers
Small lizards/crocodiles/alligators/turtles
Fish, squids, sharks, etc.

60. Cenozoic Era Today’s Goal Homework Answer Cenozoic Questions
I can list the 2 periods in the Cenozoic Era and events that happen in each
Homework Answer Cenozoic Questions
*Era Quiz on Friday 3/13
* Evolution District Assessment Monday 3/16
Warm-up Write down your goal… Update your TOC, take out your HW (Mesozoic Questions)
Then
Pick up a scrap piece of paper, put your name on it and number Review your homework until instructed… Weekly Challenge Day 3!

61. Day 3 What are the 3 periods of the Mesozoic Era in order?
What does Mesozoic mean?
What period did the turtles and lizards first appear?
What element is found in the fossil record which is evidence of the meteorite impact?
What period did flowering plants with fruit first evolve?

62. Cenozoic Era (Age of the Mammals)
65 million years ago to Present Day
Two Periods
Tertiary
Quaternary

63. Tertiary Period (65 MYA to 1.8 MYA)
Starts with a warm and humid climate
Mammals dominate
Gradually increasing in size
Angiosperms (flowering plants) dominate
Replacing gymnosperms

64. Tertiary Period (65 MYA to 1.8 MYA)
Grasses develop, grazing animals become even larger
Earliest prehistoric humans (approximately 6 to 7 MYA)

65. Tertiary Period (65 MYA to 1.8 MYA)
1st marine and large terrestrial animals
Horses, whales and monkeys

66. Quaternary Period (1.8 MYA to Present)
The “Great Ice Age”- ice sheets covered 30% of all land
Land & ice bridges connected many continents allowing animal migration

67. Quaternary Period (1.8 MYA to Present)
Large North American animals go extinct: elephants (mastodons, mammoths), giant sloths & armadillos, and saber-toothed cats
Modern humans evolve…maybe causing the above extinctions from hunting
African Savanna Elephant
American Mastodon
Woolly Mammoth

68. Mass Extinction

70. Era Review Today’s Goal Homework Evolution D.A. Study Guide
I can list the 4 eras in order and the major events that happen in each era
Homework Evolution D.A. Study Guide
*Era Quiz on TOMORROW 3/13
* Evolution District Assessment Monday 3/16
Warm-up Write down your goal… Update your TOC, take out your HW (Cenozoic Questions)
Then
Pick up a scrap piece of paper, put your name on it and number Review your homework until instructed… Weekly Challenge Day 4!

71. Order of Events

72. Mesozoic Era OR Cenozoic Era
Select which event occurs in the Mesozoic or Cenozoic Era
Meteor Impact - Mass Extinction
Mammals & Birds Evolve
Climate becomes very cold
Grasses evolve
Hominids evolve
Warm climate
Land bridges allow migration of animals
Flowering Plants Evolve
Flowering Plants Dominate
Pangaea exists
Dinosaurs evolve and become large
Large mammals and birds dominate
Large mammals die out
Humans evolve

73. Mesozoic Era OR Cenozoic Era
Mesozoic Era (Answers) Cenozoic Era (Answers)
Pangaea exists
Dinosaurs evolve and become large
Mammals & Birds Evolve
Warm climate
Flowering Plants Evolve
Meteor Impact - Mass Extinction
Flowering Plants Dominate
Grasses evolve
Large mammals and birds dominate
Hominids evolve
Land bridges allow migration of animals
Humans evolve
Large mammals die out
Climate becomes very cold

74. Homework What are the 2 periods of the Cenozoic Era in order?
What does Cenozoic mean?
What period did the prehistoric humans first show up in?
Angiosperms dominated in this period.
The “Great Ice Age” started this period.